1 00:00:59,189 --> 00:00:57,270 as the countdown to mars continues the 2 00:01:01,349 --> 00:00:59,199 perseverance of humanity launching the 3 00:01:43,190 --> 00:01:01,359 next generation of robotic explorers to 4 00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:45,270 welcome to nasa's jet propulsion 5 00:01:50,630 --> 00:01:48,320 laboratory in southern california we are 6 00:01:52,710 --> 00:01:50,640 gearing up for nasa's perseverance rover 7 00:01:55,109 --> 00:01:52,720 to touch down on mars 8 00:01:57,030 --> 00:01:55,119 happening in an hour and a half from now 9 00:01:59,749 --> 00:01:57,040 the rover will attempt to land in 10 00:02:03,109 --> 00:01:59,759 jezreel crater it is the most difficult 11 00:02:05,590 --> 00:02:03,119 landing site on mars ever attempted 12 00:02:07,670 --> 00:02:05,600 thank you for joining us i'm your host 13 00:02:09,910 --> 00:02:07,680 raquel villanueva 14 00:02:11,589 --> 00:02:09,920 in the past mission team members 15 00:02:12,710 --> 00:02:11,599 gathered in our mission control for 16 00:02:15,030 --> 00:02:12,720 landings 17 00:02:16,790 --> 00:02:15,040 but this time around we have coveted 18 00:02:18,470 --> 00:02:16,800 safety measures in place 19 00:02:20,550 --> 00:02:18,480 today's landing will look a little 20 00:02:22,470 --> 00:02:20,560 different than what you've seen before 21 00:02:24,550 --> 00:02:22,480 i am in a room by myself 22 00:02:26,630 --> 00:02:24,560 and so is my co-host 23 00:02:29,190 --> 00:02:26,640 here in the space flight operations 24 00:02:31,350 --> 00:02:29,200 facility team members are in different 25 00:02:32,710 --> 00:02:31,360 parts of this building some are in 26 00:02:34,830 --> 00:02:32,720 mission control 27 00:02:38,229 --> 00:02:34,840 others are upstairs for landing 28 00:02:40,470 --> 00:02:38,239 operations we also have isolated rooms 29 00:02:43,190 --> 00:02:40,480 for our guests on the show 30 00:02:45,990 --> 00:02:43,200 in total we have eight locations covered 31 00:02:47,030 --> 00:02:46,000 by 14 robotic cameras that you will be 32 00:02:50,070 --> 00:02:47,040 seeing 33 00:02:53,509 --> 00:02:50,080 one of those locations is the dark room 34 00:02:55,910 --> 00:02:53,519 the heart of nasa's deep space network 35 00:02:57,190 --> 00:02:55,920 think of it as a giant communication 36 00:02:59,589 --> 00:02:57,200 switchboard 37 00:03:02,309 --> 00:02:59,599 this is where spacecraft phone home to 38 00:03:04,869 --> 00:03:02,319 us from across the solar system and 39 00:03:07,030 --> 00:03:04,879 interstellar space the deep space 40 00:03:08,710 --> 00:03:07,040 network has been tracking perseverance 41 00:03:11,750 --> 00:03:08,720 since it left earth 42 00:03:13,110 --> 00:03:11,760 and there are lots of ways you can watch 43 00:03:16,710 --> 00:03:13,120 landing today 44 00:03:19,350 --> 00:03:16,720 we have a 360 degree camera inside the 45 00:03:21,670 --> 00:03:19,360 control room it lets you experience the 46 00:03:23,350 --> 00:03:21,680 landing right along with the team while 47 00:03:26,630 --> 00:03:23,360 seeing this broadcast 48 00:03:29,350 --> 00:03:26,640 we also have the clean feed it shows an 49 00:03:34,470 --> 00:03:29,360 uninterrupted view of mission control 50 00:03:41,190 --> 00:03:36,710 to tell us about it is host diana 51 00:03:43,270 --> 00:03:41,200 trujillo who also works on the mission 52 00:03:45,589 --> 00:03:43,280 thank you raquel we're so excited to be 53 00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:45,599 the sister live broadcast in spanish 54 00:03:48,229 --> 00:03:46,560 synthony 55 00:03:55,750 --> 00:03:48,239 program 56 00:03:55,760 --> 00:04:06,070 participation 57 00:04:10,309 --> 00:04:08,229 and don't forget we want to see how you 58 00:04:12,390 --> 00:04:10,319 are watching the landing today use the 59 00:04:14,789 --> 00:04:12,400 hashtag countdown to mars to send us 60 00:04:17,349 --> 00:04:14,799 your photos and videos to preview what 61 00:04:21,509 --> 00:04:17,359 interviews are coming up is my co-host 62 00:04:23,990 --> 00:04:21,519 from the jpl news office marina jurica 63 00:04:26,150 --> 00:04:24,000 thanks so much raquel the excitement is 64 00:04:28,070 --> 00:04:26,160 building behind me right here in mission 65 00:04:30,550 --> 00:04:28,080 control as we count down to the 66 00:04:32,710 --> 00:04:30,560 perseverance landing we will be talking 67 00:04:34,870 --> 00:04:32,720 to some of the many people who made 68 00:04:37,830 --> 00:04:34,880 today possible from scientists to 69 00:04:39,670 --> 00:04:37,840 engineers on the mars 2020 perseverance 70 00:04:41,430 --> 00:04:39,680 rover team to folks from nasa 71 00:04:44,230 --> 00:04:41,440 headquarters giving us a look into the 72 00:04:46,230 --> 00:04:44,240 future of mars exploration a little 73 00:04:48,150 --> 00:04:46,240 later we will also be speaking with the 74 00:04:51,189 --> 00:04:48,160 students who named the rover and the 75 00:04:54,230 --> 00:04:51,199 helicopter inspirational stories as we 76 00:04:57,350 --> 00:04:54,240 prepare for another landing on the red 77 00:04:59,749 --> 00:04:57,360 planet back to you raquel 78 00:05:01,909 --> 00:04:59,759 thanks marina let's give a shout out to 79 00:05:04,150 --> 00:05:01,919 the students around the nation learning 80 00:05:06,629 --> 00:05:04,160 about perseverance's mission to mars 81 00:05:09,029 --> 00:05:06,639 with their teachers we're happier with 82 00:05:10,870 --> 00:05:09,039 us on this exciting day later in the 83 00:05:12,710 --> 00:05:10,880 show we will be answering some of the 84 00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:12,720 questions you submitted through your 85 00:05:17,830 --> 00:05:14,240 classrooms 86 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:17,840 landing on mars is complex the team will 87 00:05:22,710 --> 00:05:20,240 be calling out milestones as they happen 88 00:05:25,430 --> 00:05:22,720 it's fast-paced and you'll hear lots of 89 00:05:27,510 --> 00:05:25,440 technical terms to help us translate and 90 00:05:30,790 --> 00:05:27,520 explain what is going on in mission 91 00:05:33,029 --> 00:05:30,800 control is swati mohan she is part of 92 00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:33,039 perseverance's landing team 93 00:05:37,189 --> 00:05:34,479 thanks for guiding us through landing 94 00:05:40,070 --> 00:05:37,199 today swati hi raquel i'm happy to be 95 00:05:42,469 --> 00:05:40,080 here today so swati what is the status 96 00:05:44,870 --> 00:05:42,479 of the perseverance rover right now so 97 00:05:48,790 --> 00:05:44,880 perseverance is still in space right now 98 00:05:50,830 --> 00:05:48,800 about 9 000 miles from mars so far she 99 00:05:53,909 --> 00:05:50,840 is healthy and on 100 00:05:55,990 --> 00:05:53,919 course and it takes time to send signals 101 00:05:57,670 --> 00:05:56,000 between earth and mars can you let us 102 00:05:59,029 --> 00:05:57,680 know how that affects the information 103 00:06:00,590 --> 00:05:59,039 you are seeing 104 00:06:04,150 --> 00:06:00,600 so mars is about 105 00:06:06,550 --> 00:06:04,160 127 million miles from earth right now 106 00:06:09,749 --> 00:06:06,560 that means it takes about 11 minutes 107 00:06:11,350 --> 00:06:09,759 from lights to travel from mars 108 00:06:12,150 --> 00:06:11,360 to earth 109 00:06:14,230 --> 00:06:12,160 so 110 00:06:16,629 --> 00:06:14,240 all the information that we receive from 111 00:06:17,990 --> 00:06:16,639 perseverance actually happened 11 112 00:06:21,590 --> 00:06:18,000 minutes ago 113 00:06:24,710 --> 00:06:21,600 so the round trip is 22 minutes for us 114 00:06:26,710 --> 00:06:24,720 to send a command to perseverance and 115 00:06:28,390 --> 00:06:26,720 hear back on the ground that she's 116 00:06:30,870 --> 00:06:28,400 received that command this is what we 117 00:06:33,350 --> 00:06:30,880 call two-way light time 118 00:06:35,189 --> 00:06:33,360 that's good to know and can you tell us 119 00:06:36,150 --> 00:06:35,199 who else is in the room with you right 120 00:06:38,469 --> 00:06:36,160 now 121 00:06:39,830 --> 00:06:38,479 the operations team is split into two 122 00:06:42,150 --> 00:06:39,840 different areas 123 00:06:45,270 --> 00:06:42,160 here in the cruise mission support area 124 00:06:48,629 --> 00:06:45,280 we have primarily the team that has been 125 00:06:51,749 --> 00:06:48,639 flying perseverance from earth to mars 126 00:06:54,390 --> 00:06:51,759 you'll see the placards with the roles 127 00:06:56,390 --> 00:06:54,400 of each of the people by their stations 128 00:06:59,350 --> 00:06:56,400 some of the people you may hear 129 00:07:01,990 --> 00:06:59,360 talking today are the flight director 130 00:07:03,430 --> 00:07:02,000 who is the conductor of our operations 131 00:07:06,390 --> 00:07:03,440 orchestra here 132 00:07:09,749 --> 00:07:06,400 the entry descent and landing activity 133 00:07:12,150 --> 00:07:09,759 lead who is a member of the landing team 134 00:07:14,150 --> 00:07:12,160 tasked with understanding the execution 135 00:07:16,950 --> 00:07:14,160 of entry descent and landing 136 00:07:19,589 --> 00:07:16,960 and then also the telecommunications and 137 00:07:22,150 --> 00:07:19,599 entry descent and landing communications 138 00:07:23,830 --> 00:07:22,160 engineers who will be monitoring the 139 00:07:25,909 --> 00:07:23,840 signal from perseverance through the 140 00:07:29,589 --> 00:07:25,919 different paths that we have 141 00:07:32,070 --> 00:07:29,599 upstairs in what we call the war room we 142 00:07:35,270 --> 00:07:32,080 have almost the entire entry descent and 143 00:07:37,589 --> 00:07:35,280 landing operations team and then across 144 00:07:38,629 --> 00:07:37,599 the hall from them we have this surface 145 00:07:40,629 --> 00:07:38,639 mission 146 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:40,639 control room where the surface 147 00:07:45,270 --> 00:07:43,280 operations team is ready and waiting to 148 00:07:47,029 --> 00:07:45,280 take over as soon as perseverances will 149 00:07:50,150 --> 00:07:47,039 touch the ground 150 00:07:51,909 --> 00:07:50,160 and you have been part of this mission 151 00:07:53,110 --> 00:07:51,919 for years now 152 00:07:54,150 --> 00:07:53,120 can you tell us what have you been 153 00:07:59,670 --> 00:07:54,160 working on 154 00:08:01,350 --> 00:07:59,680 almost eight years now as a guidance 155 00:08:02,710 --> 00:08:01,360 navigation control 156 00:08:04,790 --> 00:08:02,720 engineer 157 00:08:06,629 --> 00:08:04,800 working primarily on entry descent and 158 00:08:09,189 --> 00:08:06,639 landing one of my 159 00:08:11,670 --> 00:08:09,199 big tasks was to help with terrain 160 00:08:13,670 --> 00:08:11,680 relative navigation perseverance will be 161 00:08:16,150 --> 00:08:13,680 the first mission to fly terrain 162 00:08:18,469 --> 00:08:16,160 relative navigation so while she's 163 00:08:21,350 --> 00:08:18,479 descending on the parachute she'll 164 00:08:22,309 --> 00:08:21,360 actually be looking at the ground with a 165 00:08:24,150 --> 00:08:22,319 camera 166 00:08:26,629 --> 00:08:24,160 seeing where she is with respect to the 167 00:08:29,589 --> 00:08:26,639 martian surface and choosing 168 00:08:31,749 --> 00:08:29,599 a safe spot to land that she can get to 169 00:08:33,029 --> 00:08:31,759 after so many years of working on the 170 00:08:34,870 --> 00:08:33,039 mission it's 171 00:08:36,149 --> 00:08:34,880 an honor to be here today as the mission 172 00:08:37,589 --> 00:08:36,159 commentator 173 00:08:39,670 --> 00:08:37,599 we're happy to have you here thanks 174 00:08:42,149 --> 00:08:39,680 swati we'll be checking back in with you 175 00:08:44,550 --> 00:08:42,159 in just a few minutes as perseverance 176 00:08:45,990 --> 00:08:44,560 approaches its next milestone 177 00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:46,000 but for now 178 00:08:53,269 --> 00:08:47,760 let's learn more about the rover's 179 00:08:58,150 --> 00:08:55,910 you know mars is the closest place that 180 00:08:59,829 --> 00:08:58,160 we can reach with robotic exploration 181 00:09:01,430 --> 00:08:59,839 that we think had a really good chance 182 00:09:03,670 --> 00:09:01,440 of having ancient life 183 00:09:05,750 --> 00:09:03,680 the perseverance rover will land at a 184 00:09:07,750 --> 00:09:05,760 location called jezreel crater 185 00:09:08,710 --> 00:09:07,760 jezreel crater is a very interesting 186 00:09:11,030 --> 00:09:08,720 place 187 00:09:12,710 --> 00:09:11,040 it's a crater that once held a lake 188 00:09:14,389 --> 00:09:12,720 there are a lot of craters on the 189 00:09:16,710 --> 00:09:14,399 surface of mars that could have once 190 00:09:18,870 --> 00:09:16,720 hosted ancient lakes but not every 191 00:09:20,870 --> 00:09:18,880 crater that we think had a lake actually 192 00:09:23,030 --> 00:09:20,880 preserves evidence that that lake was 193 00:09:25,030 --> 00:09:23,040 there it had an inflow channel and it 194 00:09:27,590 --> 00:09:25,040 had an outflow channel that means it was 195 00:09:29,750 --> 00:09:27,600 filled the crater was filled with water 196 00:09:31,670 --> 00:09:29,760 in jezreel we have probably one of the 197 00:09:35,030 --> 00:09:31,680 most beautifully preserved delta 198 00:09:36,870 --> 00:09:35,040 deposits on mars in that crater 199 00:09:39,030 --> 00:09:36,880 this is a wonderful place to live for 200 00:09:41,670 --> 00:09:39,040 microorganisms and it is also a 201 00:09:44,150 --> 00:09:41,680 wonderful place for those microorganisms 202 00:09:46,230 --> 00:09:44,160 to be preserved so that we can find them 203 00:09:48,070 --> 00:09:46,240 now so many billions of years later 204 00:09:50,790 --> 00:09:48,080 there is no other place on mars that has 205 00:09:52,550 --> 00:09:50,800 the unique combination of a lake setting 206 00:09:54,070 --> 00:09:52,560 a beautifully preserved delta and the 207 00:09:56,630 --> 00:09:54,080 diverse mineralogy that we have in 208 00:09:58,230 --> 00:09:56,640 jezreel crater so it's truly a special 209 00:10:00,470 --> 00:09:58,240 landing site 210 00:10:02,230 --> 00:10:00,480 the major goal of the perseverance 211 00:10:04,790 --> 00:10:02,240 mission is to 212 00:10:06,790 --> 00:10:04,800 investigate astrobiology on mars and in 213 00:10:10,069 --> 00:10:06,800 particular to address the question of 214 00:10:11,750 --> 00:10:10,079 whether life ever existed on mars 215 00:10:13,750 --> 00:10:11,760 the perseverance rover starts with 216 00:10:15,670 --> 00:10:13,760 design that's very similar to curiosity 217 00:10:17,670 --> 00:10:15,680 we've added to it a whole new set of 218 00:10:20,310 --> 00:10:17,680 science instruments and these science 219 00:10:22,069 --> 00:10:20,320 instruments were purposefully selected 220 00:10:23,829 --> 00:10:22,079 to help us in the search for 221 00:10:25,350 --> 00:10:23,839 biosignatures 222 00:10:28,310 --> 00:10:25,360 we're going to be taking 223 00:10:29,750 --> 00:10:28,320 microphones with us for the first time 224 00:10:33,430 --> 00:10:29,760 we're going to have 225 00:10:35,590 --> 00:10:33,440 that human sense on another planet 226 00:10:39,110 --> 00:10:35,600 perseverance carries with her a grand 227 00:10:41,990 --> 00:10:39,120 experiment in space fairing technology a 228 00:10:44,630 --> 00:10:42,000 helicopter the name of which is now 229 00:10:47,350 --> 00:10:44,640 ingenuity one of the major upgrades that 230 00:10:49,990 --> 00:10:47,360 perseverance has from curiosity is that 231 00:10:53,430 --> 00:10:50,000 it's able to self-drive for a distance 232 00:10:55,750 --> 00:10:53,440 of up to 200 meters per day as the rover 233 00:10:59,590 --> 00:10:55,760 is driving it's literally building the 234 00:11:01,590 --> 00:10:59,600 map of the road it's driving on on mars 235 00:11:03,750 --> 00:11:01,600 scientists for years have told us that 236 00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:03,760 to really unlock 237 00:11:08,069 --> 00:11:05,519 the secrets of mars we have to bring 238 00:11:11,509 --> 00:11:08,079 samples from mars back to earth so what 239 00:11:12,870 --> 00:11:11,519 marsh 2020 is going to do is to 240 00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:12,880 drill samples 241 00:11:17,990 --> 00:11:15,360 put them in small tubes we're going to 242 00:11:19,829 --> 00:11:18,000 seal it in its own individual tube we 243 00:11:22,389 --> 00:11:19,839 set them on the surface to provide a 244 00:11:24,310 --> 00:11:22,399 target for the second two missions 245 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:24,320 which hopefully will get in development 246 00:11:27,590 --> 00:11:25,680 in the next several years and could 247 00:11:30,069 --> 00:11:27,600 potentially get the samples back to 248 00:11:33,269 --> 00:11:30,079 earth by 2031. 249 00:11:34,550 --> 00:11:33,279 perseverance is a very very profound 250 00:11:37,110 --> 00:11:34,560 first step 251 00:11:38,550 --> 00:11:37,120 in both our understanding 252 00:11:39,829 --> 00:11:38,560 of our place 253 00:11:40,710 --> 00:11:39,839 in the universe 254 00:11:42,310 --> 00:11:40,720 and 255 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:42,320 a stepping stone towards human 256 00:11:49,190 --> 00:11:45,330 exploration on mars 257 00:11:53,829 --> 00:11:51,509 you are watching live mars landing 258 00:11:56,790 --> 00:11:53,839 commentary and perseverance is about to 259 00:11:58,870 --> 00:11:56,800 reach another important milestone swati 260 00:12:01,110 --> 00:11:58,880 can you tell us what is happening 261 00:12:03,829 --> 00:12:01,120 we are at a milestone where the 262 00:12:05,509 --> 00:12:03,839 operations team determines whether 263 00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:05,519 they're ready to turn off the 264 00:12:10,870 --> 00:12:08,320 transmitter to perseverance turning off 265 00:12:13,269 --> 00:12:10,880 the transmitter is like taking your 266 00:12:16,310 --> 00:12:13,279 hands off of the wheel at this point 267 00:12:18,629 --> 00:12:16,320 ford perseverance would be on her own to 268 00:12:25,829 --> 00:12:18,639 execute entry descent and landing over 269 00:12:30,310 --> 00:12:26,870 go 270 00:12:31,269 --> 00:12:30,320 art lead 271 00:12:32,629 --> 00:12:31,279 go 272 00:12:33,509 --> 00:12:32,639 team chief 273 00:12:34,389 --> 00:12:33,519 go 274 00:12:36,150 --> 00:12:34,399 ace 275 00:12:40,389 --> 00:12:36,160 go 276 00:12:41,430 --> 00:12:40,399 deputy mission 277 00:12:45,670 --> 00:12:41,440 go 278 00:12:53,110 --> 00:12:45,680 mission assurance 279 00:12:56,790 --> 00:12:54,790 chief is go 280 00:12:58,710 --> 00:12:56,800 project manager 281 00:13:01,030 --> 00:12:58,720 projects go 282 00:13:03,269 --> 00:13:01,040 mission manager all stations are go for 283 00:13:07,829 --> 00:13:03,279 transmitter off 284 00:13:12,389 --> 00:13:09,990 there you have it raquel we have deemed 285 00:13:15,430 --> 00:13:12,399 perseverance ready to execute entry 286 00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:15,440 descent and landing on her own 287 00:13:20,150 --> 00:13:17,440 thank you swati as we just heard 288 00:13:22,870 --> 00:13:20,160 perseverance is now operating on its own 289 00:13:24,949 --> 00:13:22,880 as it cruises closer to mars 290 00:13:27,590 --> 00:13:24,959 to help explain what this mission means 291 00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:27,600 for the agency is nasa's associate 292 00:13:32,790 --> 00:13:30,240 administrator thomas zurbukin 293 00:13:35,910 --> 00:13:32,800 thomas this is our fifth rover sent to 294 00:13:37,990 --> 00:13:35,920 mars since 1997 can you tell us how 295 00:13:39,350 --> 00:13:38,000 perseverance is going to kick-start a 296 00:13:41,670 --> 00:13:39,360 new era 297 00:13:43,509 --> 00:13:41,680 wow this is such an important date today 298 00:13:46,230 --> 00:13:43,519 and and it really is the beginning of a 299 00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:46,240 new era in a sense that we're going from 300 00:13:51,750 --> 00:13:48,240 exploration can offer 301 00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:51,760 experiments on rovers looking around 302 00:13:55,990 --> 00:13:53,519 doing analysis 303 00:13:59,189 --> 00:13:56,000 to the sample return phase in which 304 00:14:02,629 --> 00:13:59,199 we're not only looking around looking at 305 00:14:04,389 --> 00:14:02,639 the geology but really turning our rower 306 00:14:07,590 --> 00:14:04,399 into a robotic geologist and 307 00:14:09,030 --> 00:14:07,600 astrobiologist collecting samples that 308 00:14:11,189 --> 00:14:09,040 we will bring 309 00:14:13,509 --> 00:14:11,199 back to earth and for us of course those 310 00:14:15,269 --> 00:14:13,519 are where the best laboratories are of 311 00:14:17,350 --> 00:14:15,279 all of humanity some of them still 312 00:14:19,990 --> 00:14:17,360 remain to be explored by some that are 313 00:14:21,750 --> 00:14:20,000 not yet in the science community yet and 314 00:14:23,829 --> 00:14:21,760 that's what we're looking forward to 315 00:14:26,069 --> 00:14:23,839 it's that new face the other element 316 00:14:27,430 --> 00:14:26,079 that i want to talk about is the amazing 317 00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:27,440 technologies that are there and of 318 00:14:32,069 --> 00:14:29,440 course one of my favorites is the 319 00:14:34,230 --> 00:14:32,079 ingenuity helicopter this in search of 320 00:14:36,230 --> 00:14:34,240 this extraterrestrial wright brothers 321 00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:36,240 moment you know controlled flight for 322 00:14:42,230 --> 00:14:39,120 the first time elsewhere raquel 323 00:14:45,829 --> 00:14:42,240 great and we have a student question on 324 00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:45,839 video for you from macy 325 00:14:49,990 --> 00:14:48,320 hi my name is macy ragsdale 326 00:14:52,310 --> 00:14:50,000 my question is 327 00:14:54,389 --> 00:14:52,320 is anything alive on mars 328 00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:54,399 thank you 329 00:14:58,870 --> 00:14:56,880 well macy i'm so glad for your question 330 00:15:00,949 --> 00:14:58,880 that's a question i ask myself is 331 00:15:03,030 --> 00:15:00,959 anything alive there and frankly at the 332 00:15:05,829 --> 00:15:03,040 surface where we're going right now with 333 00:15:08,310 --> 00:15:05,839 uh perseverance we do not believe 334 00:15:09,910 --> 00:15:08,320 there's anything alive uh right there 335 00:15:11,990 --> 00:15:09,920 because of the radiation that's there 336 00:15:13,990 --> 00:15:12,000 it's chilling cold and there's really no 337 00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:14,000 water there but guess what 338 00:15:18,949 --> 00:15:16,720 we think that three billion years ago 339 00:15:21,269 --> 00:15:18,959 this looked like a stream that you may 340 00:15:22,870 --> 00:15:21,279 see on earth and frankly a lot more 341 00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:22,880 similar than earth but water with a 342 00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:24,880 magnetic field just like the earth with 343 00:15:30,150 --> 00:15:28,320 an atmosphere and the question is 344 00:15:31,509 --> 00:15:30,160 at that time three billion years ago 345 00:15:33,509 --> 00:15:31,519 were there 346 00:15:35,910 --> 00:15:33,519 single cell organisms just of the type 347 00:15:38,230 --> 00:15:35,920 that developed on earth so is there life 348 00:15:39,749 --> 00:15:38,240 on on mars overall we don't know but 349 00:15:41,829 --> 00:15:39,759 where we're going right now we're really 350 00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:41,839 looking for ancient life and that's what 351 00:15:46,710 --> 00:15:44,240 we're so excited about 352 00:15:48,550 --> 00:15:46,720 thank you for your time today thomas and 353 00:15:51,350 --> 00:15:48,560 thanks to everyone who has been using 354 00:15:53,670 --> 00:15:51,360 the hashtag countdown to mars 355 00:15:56,949 --> 00:15:53,680 here are some of the photos that you've 356 00:16:00,790 --> 00:15:56,959 sent in so far let's take a look 357 00:16:06,470 --> 00:16:00,800 now please keep sharing with us how you 358 00:16:11,430 --> 00:16:09,269 for now let's go back to swati for an 359 00:16:14,069 --> 00:16:11,440 important update to what's going on in 360 00:16:16,310 --> 00:16:14,079 mission control as we get closer to 361 00:16:19,030 --> 00:16:16,320 another milestone 362 00:16:21,269 --> 00:16:19,040 hey raquel this next milestone is a 363 00:16:23,430 --> 00:16:21,279 communications poll so 364 00:16:26,710 --> 00:16:23,440 during landing not only will 365 00:16:29,110 --> 00:16:26,720 perseverance talk directly to earth but 366 00:16:31,670 --> 00:16:29,120 we'll also be talking to two spacecraft 367 00:16:33,509 --> 00:16:31,680 that are currently orbiting mars the 368 00:16:35,749 --> 00:16:33,519 mars reconnaissance orbiter and the 369 00:16:37,749 --> 00:16:35,759 maven spacecraft 370 00:16:40,230 --> 00:16:37,759 this pool is to confirm with the mars 371 00:16:41,990 --> 00:16:40,240 reconnaissance orbiter spacecraft 372 00:16:45,030 --> 00:16:42,000 and the maven spacecraft teams that they 373 00:16:52,389 --> 00:16:45,040 are ready and on track to support the 374 00:16:52,399 --> 00:17:14,150 crackers 375 00:17:18,470 --> 00:17:16,150 have you performed the contract and 376 00:17:19,990 --> 00:17:18,480 readiness of the orbiters 377 00:17:22,230 --> 00:17:20,000 we have performed the voice check and 378 00:17:23,829 --> 00:17:22,240 the readiness poll and can confirm that 379 00:17:26,710 --> 00:17:23,839 mro maven 380 00:17:28,710 --> 00:17:26,720 eda radio science one and two uhf dte 381 00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:28,720 csn and edl gdds are all ready to 382 00:17:38,950 --> 00:17:30,880 support 383 00:17:44,070 --> 00:17:41,350 so we've just heard that 384 00:17:46,070 --> 00:17:44,080 we have a confirmation from each of the 385 00:17:47,750 --> 00:17:46,080 different orbiters and all of their 386 00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:47,760 support equipment on the ground that 387 00:17:52,070 --> 00:17:50,160 they are ready and 388 00:17:55,510 --> 00:17:52,080 are on track to support the relay from 389 00:17:59,830 --> 00:17:58,150 great thank you swati and we just heard 390 00:18:01,830 --> 00:17:59,840 that communications readiness poll which 391 00:18:04,950 --> 00:18:01,840 means we are ready to relay the data 392 00:18:07,430 --> 00:18:04,960 perseverance will send to get a better 393 00:18:10,789 --> 00:18:07,440 idea of what the rover looks like as it 394 00:18:13,590 --> 00:18:10,799 approaches mars we have a nasa program 395 00:18:16,310 --> 00:18:13,600 called eyes the visualization lets 396 00:18:19,909 --> 00:18:16,320 anyone watching track perseverance 397 00:18:23,830 --> 00:18:21,590 follow perseverance on its journey to 398 00:18:25,510 --> 00:18:23,840 the surface of the red planet with eyes 399 00:18:29,150 --> 00:18:25,520 on the solar system 400 00:18:31,909 --> 00:18:29,160 from your desktop or mobile device go to 401 00:18:34,310 --> 00:18:31,919 eyes.nasa.gov click on the banner and 402 00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:34,320 now you're with perseverance in real 403 00:18:40,150 --> 00:18:38,000 time through every step of edl entry 404 00:18:42,470 --> 00:18:40,160 descent and landing 405 00:18:44,470 --> 00:18:42,480 this interactive experience lets you 406 00:18:45,510 --> 00:18:44,480 ride along from whatever perspective you 407 00:18:47,909 --> 00:18:45,520 choose 408 00:18:49,270 --> 00:18:47,919 click and drag scroll in 409 00:18:50,549 --> 00:18:49,280 scroll out 410 00:18:52,950 --> 00:18:50,559 check out the descriptions and 411 00:18:54,789 --> 00:18:52,960 explanations to increase your edl 412 00:18:56,950 --> 00:18:54,799 expertise 413 00:18:59,350 --> 00:18:56,960 experience every entry descent and 414 00:19:02,070 --> 00:18:59,360 landing event precisely designed and 415 00:19:03,430 --> 00:19:02,080 executed to land perseverance safely on 416 00:19:05,190 --> 00:19:03,440 mars 417 00:19:07,350 --> 00:19:05,200 the eyes experience is based on 418 00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:07,360 predictive data but during this 419 00:19:11,750 --> 00:19:08,960 broadcast you'll see a different 420 00:19:13,909 --> 00:19:11,760 visualization called ranger and it's 421 00:19:15,750 --> 00:19:13,919 based on the real communication the team 422 00:19:18,549 --> 00:19:15,760 and mission control receives from 423 00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:18,559 perseverance in near real time 424 00:19:23,190 --> 00:19:20,720 this is the visualization the team will 425 00:19:25,510 --> 00:19:23,200 follow as data fills their screens while 426 00:19:27,750 --> 00:19:25,520 monitoring the health of perseverance on 427 00:19:29,909 --> 00:19:27,760 its nerve-racking course to another 428 00:19:31,970 --> 00:19:29,919 successful mars landing 429 00:19:50,070 --> 00:19:31,980 enjoy the ride 430 00:19:54,630 --> 00:19:52,390 you are watching live mars landing 431 00:19:57,110 --> 00:19:54,640 commentary stepping outside mission 432 00:19:59,830 --> 00:19:57,120 control to talk to us is perseverance 433 00:20:01,750 --> 00:19:59,840 system engineer matt smith 434 00:20:02,710 --> 00:20:01,760 thanks for joining us today matt hey 435 00:20:04,789 --> 00:20:02,720 raquel 436 00:20:07,029 --> 00:20:04,799 well coming from mission control we are 437 00:20:08,950 --> 00:20:07,039 going to hear terms related to landing 438 00:20:09,990 --> 00:20:08,960 can you help us understand what some of 439 00:20:12,149 --> 00:20:10,000 them mean 440 00:20:14,390 --> 00:20:12,159 sure definitely um one thing you'll hear 441 00:20:16,149 --> 00:20:14,400 a lot about is telemetry so telemetry is 442 00:20:17,510 --> 00:20:16,159 just our way of talking about data 443 00:20:19,110 --> 00:20:17,520 that's coming from the spacecraft and 444 00:20:21,350 --> 00:20:19,120 telling us important things like 445 00:20:23,029 --> 00:20:21,360 temperatures on the vehicle pressure how 446 00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:23,039 much fuel we have left and other things 447 00:20:27,350 --> 00:20:24,880 that we need to understand for the 448 00:20:29,190 --> 00:20:27,360 health and safety of the vehicle 449 00:20:31,510 --> 00:20:29,200 you'll also hear the word nominal 450 00:20:34,630 --> 00:20:31,520 hopefully nominal means everything is 451 00:20:35,669 --> 00:20:34,640 expected everything is okay we're good 452 00:20:38,230 --> 00:20:35,679 to go 453 00:20:40,630 --> 00:20:38,240 uh you'll hear also a lot about velocity 454 00:20:42,630 --> 00:20:40,640 and deceleration so velocity is just our 455 00:20:45,430 --> 00:20:42,640 speed combined with the direction we're 456 00:20:47,830 --> 00:20:45,440 going and deceleration is our slowing 457 00:20:50,230 --> 00:20:47,840 velocity so we're coming in at over 2 458 00:20:52,470 --> 00:20:50,240 12 000 miles per hour and we're going to 459 00:20:53,909 --> 00:20:52,480 slow down to a nice comfortable 2 miles 460 00:20:56,149 --> 00:20:53,919 per hour at landing 461 00:20:57,750 --> 00:20:56,159 and that's our deceleration 462 00:20:59,510 --> 00:20:57,760 speaking of landing you may hear a 463 00:21:01,110 --> 00:20:59,520 couple important terms 464 00:21:03,750 --> 00:21:01,120 at landing itself 465 00:21:05,510 --> 00:21:03,760 one is remu stable so the remu is a 466 00:21:07,190 --> 00:21:05,520 device on the rover that measures the 467 00:21:09,990 --> 00:21:07,200 rover's orientation and whether it's 468 00:21:12,310 --> 00:21:10,000 moving so we want a nice stable landing 469 00:21:13,909 --> 00:21:12,320 spot without any motion 470 00:21:17,430 --> 00:21:13,919 you'll also hear 471 00:21:18,230 --> 00:21:17,440 uhf stable hopefully uhf stable refers 472 00:21:19,909 --> 00:21:18,240 to 473 00:21:21,909 --> 00:21:19,919 good telecommunications link with the 474 00:21:24,230 --> 00:21:21,919 rover and indicates that we've had a 475 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:24,240 good separation between the descent 476 00:21:29,669 --> 00:21:26,720 stage and the rover after the sky crane 477 00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:29,679 maneuver finally you may also hear tango 478 00:21:34,070 --> 00:21:32,400 delta nominal or touchdown nominal that 479 00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:34,080 means we've touched down on the surface 480 00:21:38,950 --> 00:21:36,960 of mars within the expected range of 481 00:21:41,190 --> 00:21:38,960 safe landing speeds 482 00:21:43,830 --> 00:21:41,200 thanks for that breakdown now this is 483 00:21:45,909 --> 00:21:43,840 your first mars mission what have you 484 00:21:47,909 --> 00:21:45,919 learned from this experience 485 00:21:49,190 --> 00:21:47,919 yeah one of my takeaways is that you can 486 00:21:51,110 --> 00:21:49,200 almost never be too careful when it 487 00:21:52,710 --> 00:21:51,120 comes to mars you definitely can't take 488 00:21:54,310 --> 00:21:52,720 mars for granted you know we've checked 489 00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:54,320 and double checked and triple checked 490 00:21:59,190 --> 00:21:57,520 everything on our way to mars and 491 00:22:01,909 --> 00:21:59,200 even though we've done this once before 492 00:22:04,950 --> 00:22:01,919 using the uh sky crane technique on the 493 00:22:06,870 --> 00:22:04,960 curiosity rover um you know 494 00:22:08,149 --> 00:22:06,880 i think everyone's gonna have their uh 495 00:22:09,350 --> 00:22:08,159 everyone's gonna hold their breath until 496 00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:09,360 we're on the surface of mars this time 497 00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:10,720 around 498 00:22:15,590 --> 00:22:12,720 and we have a social media question 499 00:22:18,070 --> 00:22:15,600 coming in nor the door on instagram asks 500 00:22:20,630 --> 00:22:18,080 how complicated is the automated landing 501 00:22:22,149 --> 00:22:20,640 sequence and who wrote the code 502 00:22:24,630 --> 00:22:22,159 yeah it's quite complicated uh the 503 00:22:26,789 --> 00:22:24,640 automated landing uh software needs to 504 00:22:29,110 --> 00:22:26,799 do literally hundreds of things 505 00:22:31,590 --> 00:22:29,120 all on its own just right with sub 506 00:22:32,950 --> 00:22:31,600 second timing accuracy and it's the 507 00:22:35,029 --> 00:22:32,960 result of 508 00:22:36,950 --> 00:22:35,039 many hundreds of people over many years 509 00:22:39,190 --> 00:22:36,960 stretching all the way back to curiosity 510 00:22:41,909 --> 00:22:39,200 and then improved for the perseverance 511 00:22:43,590 --> 00:22:41,919 landing today at jezreel crater 512 00:22:45,909 --> 00:22:43,600 great thanks for your time today matt 513 00:22:48,630 --> 00:22:45,919 and good luck thanks 514 00:22:50,549 --> 00:22:48,640 now landing on mars is hard 515 00:22:51,830 --> 00:22:50,559 landing on mars during a pandemic is 516 00:22:53,750 --> 00:22:51,840 even harder 517 00:22:56,230 --> 00:22:53,760 the team behind the perseverance rover 518 00:22:59,029 --> 00:22:56,240 faced one of its biggest challenges when 519 00:23:09,029 --> 00:22:59,039 the coronavirus pandemic struck here's 520 00:23:13,750 --> 00:23:11,669 when the pandemic struck 521 00:23:15,990 --> 00:23:13,760 the future was certainly unknown it was 522 00:23:17,510 --> 00:23:16,000 like walking into a blind dark alley you 523 00:23:18,950 --> 00:23:17,520 didn't know what was there what was in 524 00:23:21,669 --> 00:23:18,960 front of you what you were going to have 525 00:23:26,070 --> 00:23:23,750 it's something that nobody expected it's 526 00:23:27,830 --> 00:23:26,080 something nobody could plan for we all 527 00:23:29,750 --> 00:23:27,840 were asked to start working from home 528 00:23:31,909 --> 00:23:29,760 rather than your first priority being 529 00:23:34,070 --> 00:23:31,919 mission success and 530 00:23:36,149 --> 00:23:34,080 and getting to the launch pad your first 531 00:23:38,549 --> 00:23:36,159 priority immediately gets displaced and 532 00:23:40,230 --> 00:23:38,559 it's now the safety of the people and it 533 00:23:42,950 --> 00:23:40,240 took a lot of work to put stuff together 534 00:23:45,110 --> 00:23:42,960 in order to keep momentum going to keep 535 00:23:46,870 --> 00:23:45,120 people working safely keep them healthy 536 00:23:48,789 --> 00:23:46,880 and to keep the project 537 00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:48,799 on schedule we called the effort march 538 00:23:55,669 --> 00:23:51,840 2020 safe at work and the objective 539 00:23:57,350 --> 00:23:55,679 was to keep the team as safe or safer 540 00:23:59,430 --> 00:23:57,360 than they would be if they were not 541 00:24:01,350 --> 00:23:59,440 working you know putting a spacecraft 542 00:24:03,669 --> 00:24:01,360 together that's going to mars 543 00:24:05,190 --> 00:24:03,679 and not making a mistake it's hard no 544 00:24:06,470 --> 00:24:05,200 matter what 545 00:24:10,070 --> 00:24:06,480 trying to do it during the middle of a 546 00:24:12,149 --> 00:24:10,080 pandemic it's it's a lot harder 547 00:24:14,470 --> 00:24:12,159 at liftoff 548 00:24:16,390 --> 00:24:14,480 as the countdown to mars continues the 549 00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:16,400 perseverance of humanity launching the 550 00:24:20,149 --> 00:24:18,480 next generation of robotic explorers to 551 00:24:21,590 --> 00:24:20,159 the red planet 552 00:24:23,269 --> 00:24:21,600 certainly never done something like this 553 00:24:25,110 --> 00:24:23,279 before try to lead a team that's flying 554 00:24:27,029 --> 00:24:25,120 a spacecraft on the way to mars while 555 00:24:29,590 --> 00:24:27,039 getting ready for landing while doing it 556 00:24:31,110 --> 00:24:29,600 all from home there's no doubt that 557 00:24:32,950 --> 00:24:31,120 working 558 00:24:35,830 --> 00:24:32,960 in isolation 559 00:24:38,070 --> 00:24:35,840 not virtual isolation but in 560 00:24:39,430 --> 00:24:38,080 physical isolation from everyone else 561 00:24:41,350 --> 00:24:39,440 is a challenge 562 00:24:44,830 --> 00:24:41,360 we had to 563 00:24:49,110 --> 00:24:44,840 rethink and redesign what it meant to 564 00:24:51,269 --> 00:24:49,120 operate a spacecraft in flight when we 565 00:24:53,830 --> 00:24:51,279 couldn't all be in the same room in 566 00:24:56,470 --> 00:24:53,840 mission control seeing the data come 567 00:24:58,230 --> 00:24:56,480 down from perseverance it was a major 568 00:24:59,590 --> 00:24:58,240 change going to that you know 569 00:25:01,750 --> 00:24:59,600 looking at everyone on a screen instead 570 00:25:02,630 --> 00:25:01,760 of in person because of the pandemic you 571 00:25:04,870 --> 00:25:02,640 can't 572 00:25:06,789 --> 00:25:04,880 uh you know just pop over your cubicle 573 00:25:07,830 --> 00:25:06,799 wall and talk to the person next to you 574 00:25:09,909 --> 00:25:07,840 it's definitely been a challenge to 575 00:25:12,390 --> 00:25:09,919 figure out how to communicate and get 576 00:25:15,430 --> 00:25:12,400 everything done remotely but we've 577 00:25:19,190 --> 00:25:15,440 managed to make it work we are explorers 578 00:25:21,990 --> 00:25:19,200 our job is to go into the unknown and 579 00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:22,000 this is just another example of 580 00:25:26,710 --> 00:25:24,080 the unknown we're really 581 00:25:28,470 --> 00:25:26,720 doing something that's transformative 582 00:25:30,630 --> 00:25:28,480 and trying to understand whether or not 583 00:25:32,470 --> 00:25:30,640 life evolved on another planet that's 584 00:25:34,549 --> 00:25:32,480 the fundamental objective of this 585 00:25:35,669 --> 00:25:34,559 mission we're all still connected by 586 00:25:41,669 --> 00:25:35,679 this 587 00:25:43,990 --> 00:25:41,679 opportunity to be a part of so that 588 00:25:46,070 --> 00:25:44,000 keeps at least me going pretty much 589 00:25:48,390 --> 00:25:46,080 everybody that i've talked to that's 590 00:25:50,390 --> 00:25:48,400 associated with the mission has has said 591 00:25:52,070 --> 00:25:50,400 the same thing which is you could not 592 00:25:53,830 --> 00:25:52,080 have come up with a better name than 593 00:25:56,390 --> 00:25:53,840 perseverance 594 00:25:58,549 --> 00:25:56,400 it's an amazing serendipity we get to 595 00:25:59,970 --> 00:25:58,559 persevere through working on 596 00:26:13,700 --> 00:25:59,980 perseverance 597 00:26:13,710 --> 00:26:20,310 [Music] 598 00:26:25,590 --> 00:26:22,870 joining us now is perseverance deputy 599 00:26:29,909 --> 00:26:25,600 project manager matt wallace 600 00:26:32,789 --> 00:26:29,919 matt just how ambitious is this mission 601 00:26:35,830 --> 00:26:32,799 his team stay on track with unexpected 602 00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:35,840 challenges like the pandemic 603 00:26:41,350 --> 00:26:38,640 well it's a very ambitious mission you 604 00:26:45,190 --> 00:26:41,360 know working on a host of new 605 00:26:47,269 --> 00:26:45,200 uh extremely capable science instruments 606 00:26:50,230 --> 00:26:47,279 to do that that science mission that 607 00:26:52,470 --> 00:26:50,240 we've talked about but also a number of 608 00:26:53,510 --> 00:26:52,480 technology experiments to provide feed 609 00:26:56,310 --> 00:26:53,520 forward 610 00:26:59,430 --> 00:26:56,320 information into the next set of robotic 611 00:27:01,669 --> 00:26:59,440 explorers or even an exploration of mars 612 00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:01,679 so there's a lot for us to do we look a 613 00:27:05,510 --> 00:27:03,360 lot like curiosity but in fact we're 614 00:27:07,990 --> 00:27:05,520 carrying 50 percent more 615 00:27:10,870 --> 00:27:08,000 uh payload down to the surface of mars 616 00:27:12,870 --> 00:27:10,880 uh and so it is a it's been a big 617 00:27:14,549 --> 00:27:12,880 challenge um you know and it was 618 00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:14,559 particularly challenging when the 619 00:27:19,590 --> 00:27:17,840 endemic struck came at a critical time 620 00:27:20,789 --> 00:27:19,600 in our processing we were just months 621 00:27:22,230 --> 00:27:20,799 away 622 00:27:23,590 --> 00:27:22,240 from launching 623 00:27:25,190 --> 00:27:23,600 we're trying to 624 00:27:27,269 --> 00:27:25,200 essentially 625 00:27:28,630 --> 00:27:27,279 get the spacecraft assembled to do the 626 00:27:30,549 --> 00:27:28,640 final test 627 00:27:31,990 --> 00:27:30,559 did not have a lot of margin in our 628 00:27:34,549 --> 00:27:32,000 schedule 629 00:27:37,510 --> 00:27:34,559 our focus just entirely shifted 630 00:27:39,590 --> 00:27:37,520 from that to keeping the team safe and 631 00:27:42,149 --> 00:27:39,600 keeping their families safe 632 00:27:45,269 --> 00:27:42,159 um and we had to do that quickly to make 633 00:27:46,710 --> 00:27:45,279 the adjustment quickly uh i think 634 00:27:48,789 --> 00:27:46,720 you know we got you with a lot of help a 635 00:27:51,190 --> 00:27:48,799 lot of people stepped up to make it 636 00:27:53,269 --> 00:27:51,200 happen the team was tenacious 637 00:27:55,909 --> 00:27:53,279 uh and we managed to get it launched and 638 00:27:57,830 --> 00:27:55,919 flight to mars it's 639 00:28:00,470 --> 00:27:57,840 you know thanks to a lot of help 640 00:28:02,950 --> 00:28:00,480 and matt just how large is the team that 641 00:28:05,990 --> 00:28:02,960 worked on perseverance 642 00:28:09,029 --> 00:28:06,000 it's a big team a couple thousand people 643 00:28:10,789 --> 00:28:09,039 here just at jpl in fact have worked on 644 00:28:13,830 --> 00:28:10,799 on the mission 645 00:28:16,389 --> 00:28:13,840 and then almost every other nasa center 646 00:28:18,870 --> 00:28:16,399 has contributed in some significant 647 00:28:20,710 --> 00:28:18,880 and critical way as well 648 00:28:23,110 --> 00:28:20,720 we have um 649 00:28:25,350 --> 00:28:23,120 over a thousand industry partners that 650 00:28:26,310 --> 00:28:25,360 have provided hardware into this mission 651 00:28:29,430 --> 00:28:26,320 from 652 00:28:30,870 --> 00:28:29,440 44 different states 60 different cities 653 00:28:33,510 --> 00:28:30,880 and of course we have international 654 00:28:35,990 --> 00:28:33,520 contributions from europe and many other 655 00:28:38,470 --> 00:28:36,000 international providers as well so it's 656 00:28:40,789 --> 00:28:38,480 a it's a big team it's taken a lot of 657 00:28:42,549 --> 00:28:40,799 people to get us to where we're at 658 00:28:44,950 --> 00:28:42,559 that is a big team 659 00:28:46,789 --> 00:28:44,960 this is the most difficult landing site 660 00:28:48,950 --> 00:28:46,799 ever attempted now why do you think 661 00:28:50,950 --> 00:28:48,960 perseverance is ready to land in jezreel 662 00:28:52,789 --> 00:28:50,960 crater now 663 00:28:55,190 --> 00:28:52,799 jezreel is tough i mean it's 664 00:28:59,110 --> 00:28:55,200 scientifically fascinating because it's 665 00:29:01,990 --> 00:28:59,120 got a lot of things like craters and uh 666 00:29:04,389 --> 00:29:02,000 you know fields and cliffs and sand 667 00:29:06,630 --> 00:29:04,399 dunes and that sort of thing which are 668 00:29:08,310 --> 00:29:06,640 great for the science community that's 669 00:29:10,630 --> 00:29:08,320 the type of features they're looking for 670 00:29:13,510 --> 00:29:10,640 to learn more about mars but they're all 671 00:29:16,470 --> 00:29:13,520 anti-hazards for us uh and so 672 00:29:18,310 --> 00:29:16,480 we've had to add new technology uh to 673 00:29:20,950 --> 00:29:18,320 relevant navigation which is the ability 674 00:29:23,510 --> 00:29:20,960 essentially to divert away from hazards 675 00:29:25,590 --> 00:29:23,520 uh and but we have taken this system 676 00:29:27,430 --> 00:29:25,600 through the same types of paces that we 677 00:29:28,230 --> 00:29:27,440 have in previous missions we've used the 678 00:29:32,230 --> 00:29:28,240 same 679 00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:32,240 best practices for engineering 680 00:29:37,269 --> 00:29:35,200 verification and in many cases we've 681 00:29:39,510 --> 00:29:37,279 used the same people this in fact is my 682 00:29:40,710 --> 00:29:39,520 my fifth mars rover mission and i'm not 683 00:29:42,389 --> 00:29:40,720 alone there's other people on the 684 00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:42,399 project in the same 685 00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:45,360 in the same situation so um 686 00:29:49,269 --> 00:29:47,200 you know the team has given it 687 00:29:52,389 --> 00:29:49,279 everything they've gotten 688 00:29:53,830 --> 00:29:52,399 to put it all put it all out there and 689 00:29:54,789 --> 00:29:53,840 to make this successful and i think 690 00:29:56,470 --> 00:29:54,799 we're ready 691 00:29:59,430 --> 00:29:56,480 thanks matt and good luck on your fifth 692 00:30:01,909 --> 00:29:59,440 mission thank you very much well jezreel 693 00:30:04,389 --> 00:30:01,919 crater is a location on mars that's 694 00:30:06,230 --> 00:30:04,399 intrigued scientists for years 695 00:30:10,470 --> 00:30:06,240 let's head over to marina to learn more 696 00:30:13,430 --> 00:30:10,480 about the science goals of the mission 697 00:30:15,590 --> 00:30:13,440 that's right raquel here to explain why 698 00:30:18,549 --> 00:30:15,600 we want to go there is deputy project 699 00:30:20,389 --> 00:30:18,559 scientist katie stack morgan welcome 700 00:30:22,549 --> 00:30:20,399 katie 701 00:30:24,789 --> 00:30:22,559 thanks marina glad to be here now 702 00:30:27,510 --> 00:30:24,799 perseverance is landing on mars at the 703 00:30:31,110 --> 00:30:27,520 jezreel crater why is it that you and 704 00:30:33,110 --> 00:30:31,120 the team chose this particular area 705 00:30:35,350 --> 00:30:33,120 yeah so scientists believe jezreel 706 00:30:37,909 --> 00:30:35,360 crater is one of the best places on mars 707 00:30:40,230 --> 00:30:37,919 and possibly the entire solar system to 708 00:30:42,630 --> 00:30:40,240 look for friends of ancient life israel 709 00:30:44,310 --> 00:30:42,640 contained an ancient lake and has within 710 00:30:46,870 --> 00:30:44,320 it one of the best preserved ancient 711 00:30:49,269 --> 00:30:46,880 delta deposits in the on the surface of 712 00:30:51,430 --> 00:30:49,279 mars and deltas form when a river enters 713 00:30:53,909 --> 00:30:51,440 a relatively open body of water like an 714 00:30:56,070 --> 00:30:53,919 impact crater and deposits the sediment 715 00:30:57,909 --> 00:30:56,080 that it's carrying into the lake and we 716 00:30:59,269 --> 00:30:57,919 know based on studies of deltas and 717 00:31:01,350 --> 00:30:59,279 lakes here on earth that they're great 718 00:31:03,590 --> 00:31:01,360 places to concentrate and preserve 719 00:31:05,909 --> 00:31:03,600 organics and support microbial life 720 00:31:09,110 --> 00:31:05,919 we're also excited because gyro 721 00:31:10,549 --> 00:31:09,120 exposes rocks that um are between three 722 00:31:12,149 --> 00:31:10,559 and a half to more than four billion 723 00:31:14,950 --> 00:31:12,159 years old and represent a variety of 724 00:31:16,870 --> 00:31:14,960 different geological processes 725 00:31:18,310 --> 00:31:16,880 now this might be a tough choice but 726 00:31:20,789 --> 00:31:18,320 what do you think would be the most 727 00:31:23,909 --> 00:31:20,799 rewarding scientific discovery that we 728 00:31:25,990 --> 00:31:23,919 expect to get from this mission 729 00:31:27,830 --> 00:31:26,000 it's hands down i think the most 730 00:31:29,430 --> 00:31:27,840 rewarding discovery i think we can make 731 00:31:31,990 --> 00:31:29,440 with perseverance would be finding a 732 00:31:34,230 --> 00:31:32,000 truly compelling ancient bio signature 733 00:31:36,070 --> 00:31:34,240 on mars the rocks in and around jezreel 734 00:31:38,070 --> 00:31:36,080 crater record a period of time when life 735 00:31:39,830 --> 00:31:38,080 first arose in the solar system and we 736 00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:39,840 have the opportunity with perseverance 737 00:31:43,669 --> 00:31:41,840 to study the evolution of the planet 738 00:31:45,669 --> 00:31:43,679 from a once habitable world likely 739 00:31:47,669 --> 00:31:45,679 capable of supporting ancient life to 740 00:31:49,590 --> 00:31:47,679 the cold barren planet we know mars is 741 00:31:51,509 --> 00:31:49,600 today 742 00:31:54,310 --> 00:31:51,519 and why do you think katie it's so 743 00:31:57,990 --> 00:31:54,320 important to find out if there really is 744 00:31:59,269 --> 00:31:58,000 or was ancient life on mars 745 00:32:01,110 --> 00:31:59,279 well the question of whether there's 746 00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:01,120 life beyond earth is one of the most 747 00:32:05,590 --> 00:32:03,120 fundamental and essential questions we 748 00:32:07,269 --> 00:32:05,600 can ask and our ability to ask this 749 00:32:09,590 --> 00:32:07,279 question and develop the scientific 750 00:32:11,830 --> 00:32:09,600 investigations and technology to answer 751 00:32:13,990 --> 00:32:11,840 it is one of the things that make us as 752 00:32:15,669 --> 00:32:14,000 a species so unique and based on 753 00:32:17,590 --> 00:32:15,679 everything we know about mars in the 754 00:32:19,750 --> 00:32:17,600 past it absolutely should have been 755 00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:19,760 capable of supporting each life so we 756 00:32:23,430 --> 00:32:21,760 can find out an answer to the question 757 00:32:25,669 --> 00:32:23,440 where there were habitable environments 758 00:32:27,669 --> 00:32:25,679 was there life and studying the possible 759 00:32:29,110 --> 00:32:27,679 emergence of life on ancient mars can 760 00:32:30,789 --> 00:32:29,120 also help us better understand the 761 00:32:33,029 --> 00:32:30,799 conditions that led to life on our own 762 00:32:35,029 --> 00:32:33,039 planet 763 00:32:37,590 --> 00:32:35,039 that's so fascinating katie now we're 764 00:32:39,990 --> 00:32:37,600 going to take a question from a student 765 00:32:43,590 --> 00:32:40,000 vara 766 00:32:46,630 --> 00:32:43,600 hi i'm laura and my question is 767 00:32:49,750 --> 00:32:46,640 why was mars able to sustain lakes and 768 00:32:51,750 --> 00:32:49,760 rivers apes ago but cannot now 769 00:32:53,269 --> 00:32:51,760 isn't it old enough to make water and 770 00:32:56,470 --> 00:32:53,279 isn't it always 771 00:32:58,870 --> 00:32:56,480 thank you 772 00:33:00,870 --> 00:32:58,880 yeah that is such a great question um 773 00:33:02,710 --> 00:33:00,880 and one of the things that protects our 774 00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:02,720 atmosphere here on earth and allows 775 00:33:06,070 --> 00:33:04,559 liquid water to be stable on our own 776 00:33:07,509 --> 00:33:06,080 planet is the fact that we have a 777 00:33:09,909 --> 00:33:07,519 magnetic field protecting that 778 00:33:11,990 --> 00:33:09,919 atmosphere we think that mars lost its 779 00:33:14,389 --> 00:33:12,000 magnetic field way back europe billions 780 00:33:16,950 --> 00:33:14,399 of years ago and left the atmosphere 781 00:33:18,789 --> 00:33:16,960 exposed to things like solar and cosmic 782 00:33:21,269 --> 00:33:18,799 rays that basically blew that atmosphere 783 00:33:22,870 --> 00:33:21,279 away and once that happened liquid water 784 00:33:24,470 --> 00:33:22,880 wasn't stable on the surface of mars 785 00:33:27,110 --> 00:33:24,480 anymore it was too cold and there and 786 00:33:28,630 --> 00:33:27,120 the pressure was too low and so now mars 787 00:33:30,070 --> 00:33:28,640 is not capable of supporting liquid 788 00:33:32,549 --> 00:33:30,080 water and likely not capable of 789 00:33:34,230 --> 00:33:32,559 supporting life at its surface 790 00:33:35,830 --> 00:33:34,240 well thank you so much to vara for that 791 00:33:37,830 --> 00:33:35,840 great question and a big shout out to 792 00:33:40,310 --> 00:33:37,840 all the kids that are watching out there 793 00:33:43,509 --> 00:33:40,320 today and thank you so much to you katie 794 00:33:44,470 --> 00:33:43,519 for joining us that was so great 795 00:33:47,430 --> 00:33:44,480 thank you 796 00:33:49,590 --> 00:33:47,440 now sending it back over to you raquel 797 00:33:51,830 --> 00:33:49,600 thanks marina earlier we were able to 798 00:33:54,870 --> 00:33:51,840 catch up with the communication systems 799 00:33:56,549 --> 00:33:54,880 engineer chloe sakir she helps us break 800 00:33:59,990 --> 00:33:56,559 down the system used to track 801 00:34:01,909 --> 00:34:00,000 perseverance during landing 802 00:34:03,990 --> 00:34:01,919 the communications infrastructure 803 00:34:06,630 --> 00:34:04,000 supporting perseverance's landing is 804 00:34:08,389 --> 00:34:06,640 quite complex we've rallied a truly 805 00:34:11,109 --> 00:34:08,399 global network of relay and 806 00:34:13,190 --> 00:34:11,119 communications assets to help us capture 807 00:34:15,909 --> 00:34:13,200 and record those precious minutes of 808 00:34:17,750 --> 00:34:15,919 entry descent and landing or edl 809 00:34:20,149 --> 00:34:17,760 we receive a stream of engineering 810 00:34:22,790 --> 00:34:20,159 telemetry via these communication assets 811 00:34:24,710 --> 00:34:22,800 that helps us see and understand exactly 812 00:34:27,270 --> 00:34:24,720 what's happening perseverance sends 813 00:34:29,270 --> 00:34:27,280 direct to earth x-band tones each of 814 00:34:30,790 --> 00:34:29,280 which provides us with indications of 815 00:34:32,950 --> 00:34:30,800 critical entry descent and landing 816 00:34:35,430 --> 00:34:32,960 events during entry descent and landing 817 00:34:38,310 --> 00:34:35,440 we have two mars orbiters listening for 818 00:34:40,710 --> 00:34:38,320 the ultra high frequency or uhf signals 819 00:34:42,629 --> 00:34:40,720 from perseverance these orbiters relay 820 00:34:45,270 --> 00:34:42,639 these signals to deep space network 821 00:34:47,669 --> 00:34:45,280 stations on earth madrid in spain and 822 00:34:50,310 --> 00:34:47,679 goldstone in california the mars 823 00:34:52,550 --> 00:34:50,320 reconnaissance orbiter or mro has 824 00:34:54,790 --> 00:34:52,560 reconfigured its software to perform a 825 00:34:57,109 --> 00:34:54,800 type of relay called bent pipe this will 826 00:34:59,349 --> 00:34:57,119 provide us with near real-time telemetry 827 00:35:01,030 --> 00:34:59,359 during entry descent and landing we have 828 00:35:03,510 --> 00:35:01,040 coverage from the mars reconnaissance 829 00:35:05,829 --> 00:35:03,520 orbiter from just before entry to a few 830 00:35:07,910 --> 00:35:05,839 minutes after landing the telemetry we 831 00:35:10,550 --> 00:35:07,920 receive will be delayed by the time it 832 00:35:12,950 --> 00:35:10,560 takes light to travel from mars to us 833 00:35:14,710 --> 00:35:12,960 back on earth additionally the mars 834 00:35:17,190 --> 00:35:14,720 atmosphere and volatile evolution 835 00:35:19,589 --> 00:35:17,200 spacecraft or maven is recording these 836 00:35:22,310 --> 00:35:19,599 uhf signals and will be relaying that 837 00:35:24,150 --> 00:35:22,320 recording hours after landing maven will 838 00:35:26,310 --> 00:35:24,160 be covering us from around the time of 839 00:35:28,150 --> 00:35:26,320 cruise stage separation until a few 840 00:35:30,230 --> 00:35:28,160 minutes after landing 841 00:35:32,150 --> 00:35:30,240 we also receive what we call heartbeat 842 00:35:34,150 --> 00:35:32,160 tones which are indications that the 843 00:35:36,230 --> 00:35:34,160 spacecraft is alive and progressing 844 00:35:38,150 --> 00:35:36,240 throughout entry descent and landing 845 00:35:40,069 --> 00:35:38,160 it's important to note that while 846 00:35:41,990 --> 00:35:40,079 unexpected we could lose our 847 00:35:44,310 --> 00:35:42,000 communication lengths and still land 848 00:35:45,910 --> 00:35:44,320 safely because perseverance is doing 849 00:35:47,910 --> 00:35:45,920 entry descent and landing completely 850 00:35:49,430 --> 00:35:47,920 autonomously she doesn't need our help 851 00:35:51,190 --> 00:35:49,440 to joystick the landing the 852 00:35:53,990 --> 00:35:51,200 communication links give us added 853 00:35:58,870 --> 00:35:56,069 and you can see chloe hard at work 854 00:36:01,030 --> 00:35:58,880 inside mission control right now 855 00:36:03,510 --> 00:36:01,040 perseverance's landing might look like 856 00:36:05,270 --> 00:36:03,520 the system the curiosity rover used back 857 00:36:08,310 --> 00:36:05,280 in 2012 858 00:36:10,470 --> 00:36:08,320 but landing on mars is difficult there's 859 00:36:12,230 --> 00:36:10,480 always a risk involved 860 00:36:14,630 --> 00:36:12,240 here's what needs to happen for 861 00:36:17,030 --> 00:36:14,640 perseverance to touch down safely in 862 00:36:18,310 --> 00:36:17,040 jezreel crater 863 00:36:19,670 --> 00:36:18,320 nothing can be taken for granted when 864 00:36:22,230 --> 00:36:19,680 you get to mars there's a lot of things 865 00:36:24,069 --> 00:36:22,240 we just don't know space always has a 866 00:36:26,069 --> 00:36:24,079 way of throwing us curveballs and 867 00:36:27,430 --> 00:36:26,079 surprising us i mean until we get the 868 00:36:29,270 --> 00:36:27,440 data that says we're on the ground 869 00:36:32,100 --> 00:36:29,280 safely i'm gonna be worried that we're 870 00:36:35,430 --> 00:36:33,349 [Music] 871 00:36:37,349 --> 00:36:35,440 entry descent and landing is often 872 00:36:38,550 --> 00:36:37,359 referred to as the seven minutes of 873 00:36:40,710 --> 00:36:38,560 terror 874 00:36:43,270 --> 00:36:40,720 because it takes about seven minutes to 875 00:36:47,030 --> 00:36:43,280 get from the top of the atmosphere of 876 00:36:49,589 --> 00:36:47,040 mars to the ground safely the spacecraft 877 00:36:50,470 --> 00:36:49,599 has to do all of this by itself there 878 00:36:53,270 --> 00:36:50,480 are 879 00:36:55,510 --> 00:36:53,280 many things that have to go right to get 880 00:36:56,790 --> 00:36:55,520 perseverance onto the ground safely 881 00:36:58,630 --> 00:36:56,800 there's a lot counting on this this is 882 00:37:01,670 --> 00:36:58,640 the first leg of our sample return relay 883 00:37:03,589 --> 00:37:01,680 race there's a lot of work on the line 884 00:37:06,069 --> 00:37:03,599 starting about 10 minutes before 885 00:37:08,069 --> 00:37:06,079 atmospheric entry we get rid of really 886 00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:08,079 the spacecraft part of of the rover 887 00:37:12,950 --> 00:37:10,320 that's been supporting us we come 888 00:37:16,470 --> 00:37:12,960 screaming in to the martian atmosphere 889 00:37:18,950 --> 00:37:16,480 at 12 to 13 000 miles per hour 890 00:37:21,349 --> 00:37:18,960 and the heat shield is what dissipates 891 00:37:22,630 --> 00:37:21,359 all that initial energy through friction 892 00:37:24,069 --> 00:37:22,640 the vehicle will continue actually 893 00:37:25,750 --> 00:37:24,079 flying itself through the atmosphere 894 00:37:26,870 --> 00:37:25,760 it's sort of like a transforming vehicle 895 00:37:28,390 --> 00:37:26,880 that went from spacecraft and now it's 896 00:37:30,069 --> 00:37:28,400 kind of like an aircraft actively 897 00:37:34,630 --> 00:37:30,079 guiding itself when we're going slow 898 00:37:38,470 --> 00:37:36,310 the biggest supersonic parachute we've 899 00:37:41,270 --> 00:37:38,480 ever sent to another planet it's 900 00:37:43,589 --> 00:37:41,280 critical for slowing down the vehicle 901 00:37:47,109 --> 00:37:43,599 perseverances entry descent and landing 902 00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:47,119 borrows heavily from that of curiosity 903 00:37:51,750 --> 00:37:49,200 but fundamentally perseverance is a 904 00:37:53,589 --> 00:37:51,760 different rover she's bigger she has 905 00:37:55,430 --> 00:37:53,599 different instruments we've added a lot 906 00:37:57,030 --> 00:37:55,440 of smarts on the inside to make it more 907 00:37:58,550 --> 00:37:57,040 capable so that it can deal with the 908 00:38:00,550 --> 00:37:58,560 landing site that we've given the 909 00:38:02,710 --> 00:38:00,560 science team identified jezreel crater 910 00:38:05,030 --> 00:38:02,720 as basically an ancient lake bed and one 911 00:38:06,790 --> 00:38:05,040 of the most promising places to look for 912 00:38:08,710 --> 00:38:06,800 evidence of ancient microbial life and 913 00:38:11,030 --> 00:38:08,720 to collect samples for future return to 914 00:38:13,430 --> 00:38:11,040 earth uh the problem is it's a much more 915 00:38:15,750 --> 00:38:13,440 hazardous place to land when you look at 916 00:38:17,510 --> 00:38:15,760 jezreel all you see is danger how do we 917 00:38:19,510 --> 00:38:17,520 go to a site that we never thought was 918 00:38:20,790 --> 00:38:19,520 safe enough to go to before 919 00:38:21,910 --> 00:38:20,800 so the heat shield which has protected 920 00:38:23,589 --> 00:38:21,920 us all the way through entry is no 921 00:38:25,430 --> 00:38:23,599 longer necessary we need to get that off 922 00:38:26,630 --> 00:38:25,440 so that we can actually see the ground 923 00:38:29,030 --> 00:38:26,640 and we can see the ground in a couple 924 00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:29,040 different ways perseverance will be the 925 00:38:33,670 --> 00:38:30,960 first mission to use terrain relative 926 00:38:35,910 --> 00:38:33,680 navigation so while it's descending on 927 00:38:38,710 --> 00:38:35,920 the parachute it will actually be taking 928 00:38:40,950 --> 00:38:38,720 images of the surface of mars and 929 00:38:43,430 --> 00:38:40,960 determining where to go based on what it 930 00:38:44,950 --> 00:38:43,440 sees this is finally like landing with 931 00:38:47,349 --> 00:38:44,960 your eyes open 932 00:38:49,990 --> 00:38:47,359 having this new technology really allows 933 00:38:52,790 --> 00:38:50,000 perseverance to land in much more 934 00:38:55,430 --> 00:38:52,800 challenging terrain than curiosity or 935 00:38:57,990 --> 00:38:55,440 any previous mars mission could amongst 936 00:38:59,109 --> 00:38:58,000 the rocks and the craters and the cliffs 937 00:39:00,390 --> 00:38:59,119 these things are 938 00:39:02,950 --> 00:39:00,400 hazardous to 939 00:39:05,190 --> 00:39:02,960 the rover but these are the things that 940 00:39:06,790 --> 00:39:05,200 are interesting to the scientists 941 00:39:08,870 --> 00:39:06,800 once perseverance has figured out where 942 00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:08,880 she is get us in the back shell and 943 00:39:14,069 --> 00:39:10,480 parachute 944 00:39:15,990 --> 00:39:14,079 and light up our rockets 945 00:39:17,589 --> 00:39:16,000 rockets help us dear to a safe landing 946 00:39:19,589 --> 00:39:17,599 spot that's nearby 947 00:39:22,069 --> 00:39:19,599 that descent stage takes us all the way 948 00:39:28,069 --> 00:39:22,079 down to about 20 meters off the ground 949 00:39:31,910 --> 00:39:30,230 the rover has hit the ground the descent 950 00:39:34,150 --> 00:39:31,920 stage will cut loose from the rover and 951 00:39:36,310 --> 00:39:34,160 fly away to a safe distance 952 00:39:38,630 --> 00:39:36,320 surviving that seven minutes is really 953 00:39:40,310 --> 00:39:38,640 just the beginning for perseverance its 954 00:39:42,069 --> 00:39:40,320 job right being the first leg of sample 955 00:39:44,470 --> 00:39:42,079 return to go look for those signs of 956 00:39:46,470 --> 00:39:44,480 past life on mars all that can't start 957 00:39:48,390 --> 00:39:46,480 until we get perseverance safely to the 958 00:40:00,720 --> 00:39:48,400 ground and then that's when the real 959 00:40:15,670 --> 00:40:08,910 [Music] 960 00:40:20,790 --> 00:40:18,309 with us now is al chen he is 961 00:40:21,829 --> 00:40:20,800 perseverance's entry descent and landing 962 00:40:23,910 --> 00:40:21,839 lead 963 00:40:26,150 --> 00:40:23,920 al you were part of the curiosity rover 964 00:40:27,750 --> 00:40:26,160 landing does it get any easier the 965 00:40:29,430 --> 00:40:27,760 second time around 966 00:40:30,950 --> 00:40:29,440 it absolutely does not especially when 967 00:40:33,430 --> 00:40:30,960 considering we're trying to land the 968 00:40:35,270 --> 00:40:33,440 biggest heaviest and most complex rover 969 00:40:37,270 --> 00:40:35,280 we've ever built at the most dangerous 970 00:40:38,950 --> 00:40:37,280 landing site we've ever attempted 971 00:40:40,630 --> 00:40:38,960 jezreel may look great and you know 972 00:40:42,870 --> 00:40:40,640 promising from a science perspective but 973 00:40:44,790 --> 00:40:42,880 it's absolutely treacherous for landing 974 00:40:46,390 --> 00:40:44,800 there's a cliff cliff wall that's about 975 00:40:47,990 --> 00:40:46,400 200 feet tall that runs right through 976 00:40:49,430 --> 00:40:48,000 the middle of landing site there are 977 00:40:50,710 --> 00:40:49,440 craters full of sand that even if we 978 00:40:52,630 --> 00:40:50,720 landed them we would not be able to 979 00:40:54,550 --> 00:40:52,640 drive out of and there are rocks to the 980 00:40:56,710 --> 00:40:54,560 east and actually all over the place 981 00:40:59,030 --> 00:40:56,720 rock fields that would be a bad day for 982 00:41:02,230 --> 00:40:59,040 us if we were to land on them 983 00:41:04,710 --> 00:41:02,240 now al what new technology makes this 984 00:41:05,990 --> 00:41:04,720 type of land dangerous landing possible 985 00:41:07,430 --> 00:41:06,000 perseverance is carrying two new 986 00:41:09,430 --> 00:41:07,440 technologies that are really kind of 987 00:41:11,510 --> 00:41:09,440 under the hood smarts that are allowing 988 00:41:12,309 --> 00:41:11,520 us to end at this treacherous landing 989 00:41:14,150 --> 00:41:12,319 site 990 00:41:15,510 --> 00:41:14,160 the first is range trigger that's the 991 00:41:17,589 --> 00:41:15,520 ability we've given perseverance the 992 00:41:19,270 --> 00:41:17,599 ability to decide for herself based on 993 00:41:21,270 --> 00:41:19,280 where she is when to deploy the 994 00:41:23,109 --> 00:41:21,280 parachute previously we used to deploy 995 00:41:25,589 --> 00:41:23,119 parachutes that supersonic parachute 996 00:41:27,030 --> 00:41:25,599 based just on navigated velocity but now 997 00:41:28,790 --> 00:41:27,040 perseverance has the smarts to figure 998 00:41:30,309 --> 00:41:28,800 out where she is and deploy that 999 00:41:31,829 --> 00:41:30,319 parachute at just the right place to 1000 00:41:34,470 --> 00:41:31,839 make sure that we shrink where we could 1001 00:41:36,470 --> 00:41:34,480 come down that actually reduces the area 1002 00:41:37,910 --> 00:41:36,480 that error ellipse where we can come 1003 00:41:39,349 --> 00:41:37,920 down on the ground 1004 00:41:41,430 --> 00:41:39,359 from something that was on the order of 1005 00:41:44,230 --> 00:41:41,440 15 miles long by 12 miles wide for 1006 00:41:45,430 --> 00:41:44,240 curiosity to about 5 miles long by 4 1007 00:41:46,870 --> 00:41:45,440 miles wide 1008 00:41:48,550 --> 00:41:46,880 for perseverance so that's quite a bit 1009 00:41:50,390 --> 00:41:48,560 of reduction 1010 00:41:51,910 --> 00:41:50,400 second the next piece of technology 1011 00:41:53,349 --> 00:41:51,920 that's helping us land there is train 1012 00:41:54,950 --> 00:41:53,359 relative navigation 1013 00:41:56,710 --> 00:41:54,960 um in the past after we've popped off 1014 00:41:58,150 --> 00:41:56,720 the heat shield we've taken pictures of 1015 00:42:00,230 --> 00:41:58,160 the ground as it's been coming up but we 1016 00:42:02,069 --> 00:42:00,240 haven't really done anything with them 1017 00:42:03,990 --> 00:42:02,079 this time perseverance is carrying a 1018 00:42:06,150 --> 00:42:04,000 camera to take pictures but also a kind 1019 00:42:07,750 --> 00:42:06,160 of second brain to help that figure out 1020 00:42:09,670 --> 00:42:07,760 what those pictures are telling it and 1021 00:42:11,670 --> 00:42:09,680 match it up with an onboard map from a 1022 00:42:13,430 --> 00:42:11,680 satellite uh that allows it to figure 1023 00:42:15,109 --> 00:42:13,440 out exactly where she is 1024 00:42:16,950 --> 00:42:15,119 suddenly then she can she can then fly 1025 00:42:18,870 --> 00:42:16,960 to safe spots that are nearby when she 1026 00:42:20,710 --> 00:42:18,880 really knows where she is it allows the 1027 00:42:22,150 --> 00:42:20,720 site to not have to be as flat and 1028 00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:22,160 boring as a pancake as if some of our 1029 00:42:25,829 --> 00:42:23,920 past sites had been the entire area we 1030 00:42:27,990 --> 00:42:25,839 could come down now we just need little 1031 00:42:29,109 --> 00:42:28,000 pieces of that site to be small enough 1032 00:42:31,430 --> 00:42:29,119 and safe enough 1033 00:42:32,790 --> 00:42:31,440 for us to land in safely and fly there 1034 00:42:34,470 --> 00:42:32,800 after we've just after we've gotten rid 1035 00:42:36,630 --> 00:42:34,480 of the parachute 1036 00:42:39,910 --> 00:42:36,640 and we also have a social media question 1037 00:42:40,950 --> 00:42:39,920 coming in sansacari14 on instagram is 1038 00:42:42,950 --> 00:42:40,960 asking 1039 00:42:45,829 --> 00:42:42,960 how does the sky crane decide where to 1040 00:42:47,430 --> 00:42:45,839 move itself after the payload lands 1041 00:42:49,510 --> 00:42:47,440 after the payload lands after the rover 1042 00:42:50,790 --> 00:42:49,520 touches down uh the the sky crane the 1043 00:42:52,950 --> 00:42:50,800 descent stage which is that rocket 1044 00:42:54,470 --> 00:42:52,960 powered jet pack above it the first stop 1045 00:42:56,470 --> 00:42:54,480 of course is to make sure you don't hurt 1046 00:42:57,829 --> 00:42:56,480 the rover so it'll turn forward or 1047 00:42:59,589 --> 00:42:57,839 backward 1048 00:43:01,589 --> 00:42:59,599 so that the engine plumes don't pass 1049 00:43:03,430 --> 00:43:01,599 over the rover so it'll come up and 1050 00:43:05,670 --> 00:43:03,440 start to turn and it'll go in whichever 1051 00:43:07,030 --> 00:43:05,680 direction is closest to north so it can 1052 00:43:08,630 --> 00:43:07,040 either go forward if that's the way 1053 00:43:10,710 --> 00:43:08,640 north is or go toward the rear of the 1054 00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:10,720 rover if that's where north is and it'll 1055 00:43:16,309 --> 00:43:14,000 fly about a third of a mile or so away 1056 00:43:17,430 --> 00:43:16,319 thanks for talking to us today al thank 1057 00:43:19,750 --> 00:43:17,440 you very much 1058 00:43:24,309 --> 00:43:19,760 now let's head back to mission control 1059 00:43:29,829 --> 00:43:27,109 hi raquel so remember that command that 1060 00:43:31,190 --> 00:43:29,839 we sent at around 11 35 to turn the 1061 00:43:34,470 --> 00:43:31,200 transmitter off 1062 00:43:35,510 --> 00:43:34,480 we are just about to get confirmation 1063 00:43:38,950 --> 00:43:35,520 that 1064 00:43:40,790 --> 00:43:38,960 perseverance has received the command 1065 00:43:43,589 --> 00:43:40,800 the command took 11 minutes to go to 1066 00:43:46,710 --> 00:43:43,599 perseverance and then the reply took 11 1067 00:43:49,349 --> 00:43:46,720 minutes to get back from perseverance to 1068 00:43:51,750 --> 00:43:49,359 the ground so we should hear 1069 00:43:53,190 --> 00:43:51,760 any second now that 1070 00:43:55,510 --> 00:43:53,200 we have officially turned off the 1071 00:43:56,710 --> 00:43:55,520 transmitter and after that we will be 1072 00:43:59,589 --> 00:43:56,720 about 1073 00:44:01,510 --> 00:43:59,599 four minutes from the start of entry 1074 00:44:03,910 --> 00:44:01,520 descent and landing mode at this point 1075 00:44:05,670 --> 00:44:03,920 we will transition from the cruise 1076 00:44:09,109 --> 00:44:05,680 approach mode to entry descent and 1077 00:44:11,510 --> 00:44:09,119 landing and that means our travel from 1078 00:44:13,990 --> 00:44:11,520 earth to mars is done and now we just 1079 00:44:16,870 --> 00:44:14,000 need to get to the surface 1080 00:44:25,740 --> 00:44:16,880 so far things are looking good 1081 00:44:45,829 --> 00:44:28,550 [Music] 1082 00:44:49,190 --> 00:44:47,349 our tracking stations have all confirmed 1083 00:44:51,589 --> 00:44:49,200 the results of the transmitter drive off 1084 00:44:54,069 --> 00:44:51,599 and in lock one way 1085 00:44:55,990 --> 00:44:54,079 copy ace 1086 00:44:58,230 --> 00:44:56,000 gds flight 1087 00:45:01,430 --> 00:44:58,240 flight gtf at this time i'd like to 1088 00:45:03,510 --> 00:45:01,440 disable the alarms before edl main 1089 00:45:06,069 --> 00:45:03,520 so please disable all the alarm files 1090 00:45:08,150 --> 00:45:06,079 and start a new downlink session 1091 00:45:13,670 --> 00:45:08,160 we'll talk about ecp 1092 00:45:21,750 --> 00:45:15,349 we are now officially one way and the 1093 00:45:26,630 --> 00:45:25,109 rover mission has helped shape the other 1094 00:45:30,150 --> 00:45:26,640 started with the landing of the 1095 00:45:31,510 --> 00:45:30,160 pathfinder more than 20 years ago 1096 00:45:32,950 --> 00:45:31,520 leading up to where we are today with 1097 00:45:37,670 --> 00:45:32,960 perseverance 1098 00:45:41,990 --> 00:45:37,680 jennifer trosper has worked on every 1099 00:45:44,710 --> 00:45:42,000 mars rover mission and she joins us now 1100 00:45:47,829 --> 00:45:44,720 uh jennifer how does perseverance fit 1101 00:45:50,550 --> 00:45:47,839 into the history of exploring mars 1102 00:45:53,510 --> 00:45:50,560 thanks raquel it's great to be here well 1103 00:45:55,190 --> 00:45:53,520 perseverance is nasa's fifth rover on 1104 00:45:57,510 --> 00:45:55,200 mars and i've had the privilege of 1105 00:45:59,670 --> 00:45:57,520 working on every one of them and the 1106 00:46:02,790 --> 00:45:59,680 very first rover was the sojourner rover 1107 00:46:06,150 --> 00:46:02,800 we sent in 1997 and it was the size of a 1108 00:46:08,950 --> 00:46:06,160 microwave oven and even at that small 1109 00:46:11,349 --> 00:46:08,960 size sojourner was able to transform the 1110 00:46:14,710 --> 00:46:11,359 way that we explore mars from 1111 00:46:16,950 --> 00:46:14,720 stationary landers to small roving 1112 00:46:19,910 --> 00:46:16,960 robots that go from place to place just 1113 00:46:22,230 --> 00:46:19,920 like a geologist would on earth so once 1114 00:46:24,630 --> 00:46:22,240 we had that roving capability 1115 00:46:25,829 --> 00:46:24,640 then we sent our twin rovers spirit and 1116 00:46:31,030 --> 00:46:25,839 opportunity 1117 00:46:32,230 --> 00:46:31,040 finding evidence of ancient water on 1118 00:46:34,309 --> 00:46:32,240 mars 1119 00:46:36,550 --> 00:46:34,319 now they did they're great explorers and 1120 00:46:39,030 --> 00:46:36,560 both of them found ample evidence that 1121 00:46:39,990 --> 00:46:39,040 water had once existed on the surface of 1122 00:46:41,910 --> 00:46:40,000 mars 1123 00:46:45,270 --> 00:46:41,920 but we had a question another question 1124 00:46:47,109 --> 00:46:45,280 then was mars ever habitable if water 1125 00:46:49,589 --> 00:46:47,119 had been there and that's when we sent 1126 00:46:52,390 --> 00:46:49,599 curiosity now curiosity was a major 1127 00:46:55,270 --> 00:46:52,400 upgrade to our rover fleet she's the 1128 00:46:58,309 --> 00:46:55,280 size of a small car she landed with the 1129 00:47:00,309 --> 00:46:58,319 sky crane system instead of airbags and 1130 00:47:02,790 --> 00:47:00,319 she also carries along her own sample 1131 00:47:03,750 --> 00:47:02,800 analytics lab and she's still operating 1132 00:47:06,309 --> 00:47:03,760 today 1133 00:47:08,630 --> 00:47:06,319 and during her exploration she has found 1134 00:47:11,109 --> 00:47:08,640 evidence of a habitable environment in 1135 00:47:13,270 --> 00:47:11,119 an ancient lake bed on mars 1136 00:47:15,349 --> 00:47:13,280 so now we're sending perseverance 1137 00:47:17,589 --> 00:47:15,359 perseverance is tasked 1138 00:47:20,549 --> 00:47:17,599 with answering the question and looking 1139 00:47:23,190 --> 00:47:20,559 for evidence of ancient microbial life 1140 00:47:25,030 --> 00:47:23,200 on mars and in order to do this she has 1141 00:47:27,190 --> 00:47:25,040 to be the smartest and most capable 1142 00:47:29,030 --> 00:47:27,200 rover we've ever sent 1143 00:47:31,430 --> 00:47:29,040 speaking of perseverance can you tell us 1144 00:47:34,150 --> 00:47:31,440 more about how perseverance is smarter 1145 00:47:36,710 --> 00:47:34,160 than its predecessors yes we've made a 1146 00:47:39,270 --> 00:47:36,720 lot of upgrades to help her along with 1147 00:47:41,990 --> 00:47:39,280 the surface mission one of them is for 1148 00:47:44,150 --> 00:47:42,000 her autonomous traverse capability when 1149 00:47:46,390 --> 00:47:44,160 i say autonomous traverse i mean we tell 1150 00:47:48,790 --> 00:47:46,400 her where we want her to end up and she 1151 00:47:50,870 --> 00:47:48,800 has to figure out the safe and best way 1152 00:47:53,829 --> 00:47:50,880 to get there in order to do that she 1153 00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:53,839 uses her cameras algorithms a computer 1154 00:47:57,349 --> 00:47:55,520 so we've given her another computer 1155 00:47:59,829 --> 00:47:57,359 we've upgraded the cameras and we've 1156 00:48:02,230 --> 00:47:59,839 upgraded the algorithms now she drives 1157 00:48:05,030 --> 00:48:02,240 three times as fast as curiosity could 1158 00:48:07,109 --> 00:48:05,040 drive in this autonomous traverse mode 1159 00:48:09,829 --> 00:48:07,119 in fact her average 1160 00:48:12,309 --> 00:48:09,839 daily distance for driving about 200 1161 00:48:14,390 --> 00:48:12,319 meters is close to the maximum distance 1162 00:48:16,309 --> 00:48:14,400 any rover has ever driven in a day on 1163 00:48:17,829 --> 00:48:16,319 mars so she's fast 1164 00:48:20,150 --> 00:48:17,839 another thing that we've done which is 1165 00:48:23,990 --> 00:48:20,160 the most significant upgrade that we've 1166 00:48:26,069 --> 00:48:24,000 made is the sample caching system itself 1167 00:48:28,150 --> 00:48:26,079 curiosity has a robotic arm like 1168 00:48:30,950 --> 00:48:28,160 perseverance has a robotic arm but on 1169 00:48:33,349 --> 00:48:30,960 the end of perseverance's robotic arm is 1170 00:48:34,790 --> 00:48:33,359 a coring drill that will go and take 1171 00:48:36,950 --> 00:48:34,800 rock cores 1172 00:48:39,670 --> 00:48:36,960 transfer them into sample tubes and into 1173 00:48:42,390 --> 00:48:39,680 the rover where another robotic arm will 1174 00:48:44,710 --> 00:48:42,400 take those tubes will seal them and 1175 00:48:46,790 --> 00:48:44,720 store them and eventually drop them on 1176 00:48:48,309 --> 00:48:46,800 the surface of mars for future return to 1177 00:48:50,390 --> 00:48:48,319 earth 1178 00:48:53,030 --> 00:48:50,400 great and we also have a social media 1179 00:48:55,829 --> 00:48:53,040 question about perseverance erica a s on 1180 00:48:57,990 --> 00:48:55,839 instagram wants to know what the wheels 1181 00:48:59,670 --> 00:48:58,000 of the rover are made out of 1182 00:49:01,670 --> 00:48:59,680 great question well you may think we 1183 00:49:04,150 --> 00:49:01,680 make them out of some material you've 1184 00:49:05,349 --> 00:49:04,160 never heard of it turns out they're made 1185 00:49:07,030 --> 00:49:05,359 of aluminum 1186 00:49:08,630 --> 00:49:07,040 now perseverance's wheels are a little 1187 00:49:11,510 --> 00:49:08,640 thicker than curiosities but they're 1188 00:49:14,069 --> 00:49:11,520 actually both made out of aluminum 1189 00:49:15,990 --> 00:49:14,079 and one more question for you can you 1190 00:49:18,470 --> 00:49:16,000 tell us more about the importance of 1191 00:49:21,510 --> 00:49:18,480 where you are right now in the building 1192 00:49:23,030 --> 00:49:21,520 yes i am above on the second floor above 1193 00:49:24,710 --> 00:49:23,040 the cruise mission support area that 1194 00:49:27,589 --> 00:49:24,720 you've been watching and this is the 1195 00:49:29,670 --> 00:49:27,599 surface mission support area so as soon 1196 00:49:31,990 --> 00:49:29,680 as perseverance lands 1197 00:49:34,390 --> 00:49:32,000 all commands i'll take this this room 1198 00:49:37,190 --> 00:49:34,400 will take over become headquarters for 1199 00:49:38,710 --> 00:49:37,200 operating perseverance on mars 1200 00:49:40,870 --> 00:49:38,720 thanks for taking the time to talk to us 1201 00:49:43,589 --> 00:49:40,880 today jennifer thank you 1202 00:49:44,630 --> 00:49:43,599 now we now know perseverance's place in 1203 00:49:47,589 --> 00:49:44,640 history 1204 00:49:51,030 --> 00:49:47,599 let's take an up close look at the rover 1205 00:49:53,750 --> 00:49:51,040 with mars 2020 system testbed engineer 1206 00:49:55,349 --> 00:49:53,760 elio morillo 1207 00:49:57,829 --> 00:49:55,359 thank you 1208 00:50:00,150 --> 00:49:57,839 i'm standing in front of the mars 2020 1209 00:50:02,950 --> 00:50:00,160 perseverance scaled model 1210 00:50:05,270 --> 00:50:02,960 as you can tell this vehicle is about 1211 00:50:07,109 --> 00:50:05,280 the size of a mini cooper these wheels 1212 00:50:08,630 --> 00:50:07,119 are obviously black here and they look 1213 00:50:10,470 --> 00:50:08,640 like rubber but they're actually fully 1214 00:50:12,309 --> 00:50:10,480 made of metal these wheels are designed 1215 00:50:14,870 --> 00:50:12,319 to allow us to climb over obstacles and 1216 00:50:16,710 --> 00:50:14,880 of course climb over hills and minimize 1217 00:50:18,950 --> 00:50:16,720 the amount of slipping once we're 1218 00:50:20,470 --> 00:50:18,960 traversing on the surface of mars 1219 00:50:22,630 --> 00:50:20,480 here in the front of the rover we have 1220 00:50:24,309 --> 00:50:22,640 the sample caching system and of course 1221 00:50:26,870 --> 00:50:24,319 at the very front end of this is the 1222 00:50:29,430 --> 00:50:26,880 robotic arm which this entire system is 1223 00:50:31,829 --> 00:50:29,440 arguably the most complex robotic system 1224 00:50:33,750 --> 00:50:31,839 we've ever sent outside of earth 1225 00:50:35,670 --> 00:50:33,760 here at the tip of the arm we have a 1226 00:50:37,990 --> 00:50:35,680 turret which contains a suite of 1227 00:50:39,990 --> 00:50:38,000 instruments along with some drills and 1228 00:50:42,549 --> 00:50:40,000 coring capabilities that will allow us 1229 00:50:45,349 --> 00:50:42,559 to do contact science once we get to the 1230 00:50:47,430 --> 00:50:45,359 surface of mars not only that 1231 00:50:49,750 --> 00:50:47,440 this robotic system is equipped to 1232 00:50:51,910 --> 00:50:49,760 collect samples about the size of a 1233 00:50:53,910 --> 00:50:51,920 piece of chalk that then eventually will 1234 00:50:56,309 --> 00:50:53,920 be stored inside of the vehicle and 1235 00:50:58,309 --> 00:50:56,319 dropped off in a later location so that 1236 00:51:00,150 --> 00:50:58,319 an eventual mission can go and return 1237 00:51:01,910 --> 00:51:00,160 these samples to earth something we've 1238 00:51:03,589 --> 00:51:01,920 never done in the past 1239 00:51:05,349 --> 00:51:03,599 here in the front we have the remote 1240 00:51:07,910 --> 00:51:05,359 sensing mast 1241 00:51:09,829 --> 00:51:07,920 something of note is that this mechanism 1242 00:51:11,270 --> 00:51:09,839 is going to be stowed upon the touchdown 1243 00:51:12,950 --> 00:51:11,280 on the surface of mars and one of the 1244 00:51:15,349 --> 00:51:12,960 first critical activities we do is 1245 00:51:17,190 --> 00:51:15,359 deploy this mechanism this mechanism 1246 00:51:18,710 --> 00:51:17,200 includes several cameras that are going 1247 00:51:20,870 --> 00:51:18,720 to give us some of the most breathtaking 1248 00:51:22,549 --> 00:51:20,880 images we've ever taken on mars along 1249 00:51:24,390 --> 00:51:22,559 with that we have some lasers as well as 1250 00:51:26,390 --> 00:51:24,400 a spectrometer they're going to allow us 1251 00:51:28,390 --> 00:51:26,400 to do some remote science 1252 00:51:29,750 --> 00:51:28,400 here you see some of these extrusions 1253 00:51:31,829 --> 00:51:29,760 that are part of the larger weather 1254 00:51:34,150 --> 00:51:31,839 suite of instruments that will allow us 1255 00:51:36,390 --> 00:51:34,160 to characterize the local climate around 1256 00:51:38,630 --> 00:51:36,400 perseverance so that's a quick tour of 1257 00:51:44,330 --> 00:51:38,640 the rover but i gotta get back to work 1258 00:51:57,750 --> 00:51:51,120 [Music] 1259 00:52:02,950 --> 00:51:59,990 perseverance is collecting samples of 1260 00:52:04,630 --> 00:52:02,960 martian rock for future return to earth 1261 00:52:07,349 --> 00:52:04,640 we've heard that scientists have been 1262 00:52:10,549 --> 00:52:07,359 wanting to bring martian samples back 1263 00:52:12,069 --> 00:52:10,559 for many generations and here to talk a 1264 00:52:14,549 --> 00:52:12,079 little bit about that is nasa's 1265 00:52:17,190 --> 00:52:14,559 planetary science division director lori 1266 00:52:19,750 --> 00:52:17,200 glaze who joins us now to talk about the 1267 00:52:23,589 --> 00:52:19,760 role perseverance will play in nasa's 1268 00:52:25,270 --> 00:52:23,599 future goals welcome lori hi 1269 00:52:26,630 --> 00:52:25,280 now as you just heard we've heard that 1270 00:52:28,950 --> 00:52:26,640 scientists have been wanting to bring 1271 00:52:31,030 --> 00:52:28,960 back these martian samples for a very 1272 00:52:33,589 --> 00:52:31,040 long time why do we need to bring them 1273 00:52:35,829 --> 00:52:33,599 back that's really a great great 1274 00:52:38,309 --> 00:52:35,839 question you know we actually have 1275 00:52:40,790 --> 00:52:38,319 examples of mars already here on earth 1276 00:52:42,790 --> 00:52:40,800 that came here as meteorites but we 1277 00:52:44,790 --> 00:52:42,800 don't know exactly where they came from 1278 00:52:46,630 --> 00:52:44,800 on mars and then they also have had to 1279 00:52:48,710 --> 00:52:46,640 make the trip from mars to earth and so 1280 00:52:50,549 --> 00:52:48,720 they got altered during that time and 1281 00:52:52,950 --> 00:52:50,559 then during their entry and descent into 1282 00:52:55,349 --> 00:52:52,960 the earth's atmosphere that also 1283 00:52:59,190 --> 00:52:55,359 changes what those those rocks are like 1284 00:53:01,109 --> 00:52:59,200 so being able to go to mars and actually 1285 00:53:03,910 --> 00:53:01,119 collect the sample where we know exactly 1286 00:53:05,910 --> 00:53:03,920 where it came from and we know we can 1287 00:53:07,750 --> 00:53:05,920 preserve it and keep it pristine and 1288 00:53:09,829 --> 00:53:07,760 carry it all the way back here this will 1289 00:53:12,069 --> 00:53:09,839 be incredibly important to help us 1290 00:53:14,630 --> 00:53:12,079 answer questions about 1291 00:53:17,109 --> 00:53:14,640 the geologic history of mars 1292 00:53:19,109 --> 00:53:17,119 understanding how it formed and evolved 1293 00:53:20,630 --> 00:53:19,119 and also really important questions 1294 00:53:22,870 --> 00:53:20,640 about whether or not 1295 00:53:24,390 --> 00:53:22,880 life actually existed on mars three and 1296 00:53:26,069 --> 00:53:24,400 a half billion years ago and whether 1297 00:53:29,270 --> 00:53:26,079 that life if it existed has been 1298 00:53:31,510 --> 00:53:29,280 preserved in the surface of mars 1299 00:53:33,670 --> 00:53:31,520 now lori these sample tubes that 1300 00:53:35,829 --> 00:53:33,680 perseverance is going to be collecting 1301 00:53:37,430 --> 00:53:35,839 they're the cleanest things ever created 1302 00:53:40,710 --> 00:53:37,440 on earth tell me a little bit about that 1303 00:53:42,790 --> 00:53:40,720 oh my goodness we worked so hard the 1304 00:53:45,670 --> 00:53:42,800 team here at jpl is absolutely 1305 00:53:48,150 --> 00:53:45,680 incredible to assure that those sample 1306 00:53:50,870 --> 00:53:48,160 tubes are incredibly clean 1307 00:53:53,829 --> 00:53:50,880 one of the main goals of this mission is 1308 00:53:55,750 --> 00:53:53,839 to be able to detect if there's actual 1309 00:53:58,150 --> 00:53:55,760 life that's preserved 1310 00:54:00,150 --> 00:53:58,160 ancient life preserved in those rocks in 1311 00:54:02,950 --> 00:54:00,160 those samples and we definitely don't 1312 00:54:04,630 --> 00:54:02,960 want to be carrying you know our own dna 1313 00:54:06,230 --> 00:54:04,640 off to mars and then bring it back here 1314 00:54:08,309 --> 00:54:06,240 to confuse our our scientists when 1315 00:54:11,589 --> 00:54:08,319 they're trying to study those samples so 1316 00:54:13,349 --> 00:54:11,599 it it is an incredibly clean uh set of 1317 00:54:15,109 --> 00:54:13,359 equipment that's been sent there as you 1318 00:54:17,030 --> 00:54:15,119 said the cleanest thing we've ever sent 1319 00:54:19,829 --> 00:54:17,040 into space 1320 00:54:21,829 --> 00:54:19,839 now this is a very complicated campaign 1321 00:54:23,990 --> 00:54:21,839 can you break down for us how it's going 1322 00:54:25,589 --> 00:54:24,000 to work and if there's any international 1323 00:54:27,510 --> 00:54:25,599 partners working with us 1324 00:54:30,710 --> 00:54:27,520 you are correct the the marsh sample 1325 00:54:32,710 --> 00:54:30,720 return campaign is incredibly complex in 1326 00:54:34,790 --> 00:54:32,720 fact it's probably the most challenging 1327 00:54:36,390 --> 00:54:34,800 thing we've ever tried to do 1328 00:54:39,349 --> 00:54:36,400 but we're definitely not going to try 1329 00:54:42,390 --> 00:54:39,359 and do it alone we have great partners 1330 00:54:44,470 --> 00:54:42,400 with the european space agency and the 1331 00:54:46,470 --> 00:54:44,480 way this campaign is going to work well 1332 00:54:49,109 --> 00:54:46,480 perseverance is the first step chapter 1333 00:54:52,390 --> 00:54:49,119 one uh is going to mars and collecting 1334 00:54:54,470 --> 00:54:52,400 the samples chapter two is going to be a 1335 00:54:58,390 --> 00:54:54,480 sample return lander that we hope to 1336 00:55:00,789 --> 00:54:58,400 launch in around 26 to 28 2026 to 2028 1337 00:55:03,270 --> 00:55:00,799 and that lander uh it'll be an american 1338 00:55:05,589 --> 00:55:03,280 lander carrying a fetch rover that's 1339 00:55:07,750 --> 00:55:05,599 provided by european space agency and 1340 00:55:09,190 --> 00:55:07,760 that little fetch rover will drive out 1341 00:55:11,910 --> 00:55:09,200 and pick up the samples that 1342 00:55:13,349 --> 00:55:11,920 perseverance left on the surface of mars 1343 00:55:15,670 --> 00:55:13,359 and the fetch river will bring them back 1344 00:55:17,270 --> 00:55:15,680 and load them into a rocket that we call 1345 00:55:18,950 --> 00:55:17,280 the mars ascent vehicle which will be 1346 00:55:21,510 --> 00:55:18,960 the first ever launch from another 1347 00:55:24,470 --> 00:55:21,520 planet and it will launch those samples 1348 00:55:26,549 --> 00:55:24,480 into orbit around mars in the meantime 1349 00:55:29,109 --> 00:55:26,559 european space agency will have an 1350 00:55:31,990 --> 00:55:29,119 orbiter that's in orbit around mars that 1351 00:55:34,309 --> 00:55:32,000 can rendezvous and capture those samples 1352 00:55:36,710 --> 00:55:34,319 and then bring them back to earth for 1353 00:55:39,190 --> 00:55:36,720 for us to study back here in our amazing 1354 00:55:41,829 --> 00:55:39,200 laboratories 1355 00:55:44,230 --> 00:55:41,839 a lot of firsts it sounds like lori and 1356 00:55:46,470 --> 00:55:44,240 another first how is perseverance and 1357 00:55:48,630 --> 00:55:46,480 the mars sample return mission going to 1358 00:55:50,390 --> 00:55:48,640 help the future exploration human 1359 00:55:52,230 --> 00:55:50,400 exploration of mars 1360 00:55:55,589 --> 00:55:52,240 i'm so glad you asked that i think we're 1361 00:55:58,150 --> 00:55:55,599 going to get a lot of great information 1362 00:56:00,549 --> 00:55:58,160 from mars sample return with again being 1363 00:56:02,710 --> 00:56:00,559 able to land the heaviest payload we've 1364 00:56:05,109 --> 00:56:02,720 ever landed on mars will be that sample 1365 00:56:07,109 --> 00:56:05,119 return lander that's critical to us 1366 00:56:08,630 --> 00:56:07,119 learning how to land humans on mars and 1367 00:56:10,470 --> 00:56:08,640 then we are definitely going to want to 1368 00:56:12,470 --> 00:56:10,480 be able to launch the humans back off of 1369 00:56:14,390 --> 00:56:12,480 mars so that mars ascent vehicle is 1370 00:56:16,390 --> 00:56:14,400 going to be critical that that first 1371 00:56:18,069 --> 00:56:16,400 step of the first launch from another 1372 00:56:20,630 --> 00:56:18,079 planet 1373 00:56:22,950 --> 00:56:20,640 so exciting laurie and speaking about 1374 00:56:25,349 --> 00:56:22,960 the mars generation we're now going to 1375 00:56:27,109 --> 00:56:25,359 take a student question for you from 1376 00:56:32,549 --> 00:56:27,119 livia 1377 00:56:35,190 --> 00:56:32,559 what made you want to study mars and why 1378 00:56:39,910 --> 00:56:35,200 are you working so hard and willing to 1379 00:56:45,109 --> 00:56:42,710 olivia that is such a great question and 1380 00:56:47,430 --> 00:56:45,119 and i enjoy mars just because it can 1381 00:56:49,670 --> 00:56:47,440 tell us so much about how our solar 1382 00:56:51,270 --> 00:56:49,680 system formed and evolved um all of the 1383 00:56:53,109 --> 00:56:51,280 planets can tell us different parts of 1384 00:56:55,030 --> 00:56:53,119 that story and mars is a really key 1385 00:56:57,349 --> 00:56:55,040 piece of that and one of the main 1386 00:57:00,230 --> 00:56:57,359 reasons we're willing to wait so long to 1387 00:57:02,150 --> 00:57:00,240 get the sample back is that we've got 1388 00:57:05,270 --> 00:57:02,160 great new scientists that are all about 1389 00:57:07,030 --> 00:57:05,280 your age and in about 10 or 15 or 20 1390 00:57:09,109 --> 00:57:07,040 years you'll be the generation that's 1391 00:57:11,510 --> 00:57:09,119 going to actually get to work with these 1392 00:57:13,750 --> 00:57:11,520 samples when when they come back you'll 1393 00:57:16,710 --> 00:57:13,760 be the scientists and engineers that 1394 00:57:19,030 --> 00:57:16,720 will will be the the next generation to 1395 00:57:20,950 --> 00:57:19,040 to change how we think about uh about 1396 00:57:23,109 --> 00:57:20,960 mars and how we think about life in the 1397 00:57:25,270 --> 00:57:23,119 solar system 1398 00:57:27,829 --> 00:57:25,280 that was a great question lori reach for 1399 00:57:29,910 --> 00:57:27,839 the stars future little scientists and 1400 00:57:31,829 --> 00:57:29,920 engineers thank you so much for joining 1401 00:57:33,829 --> 00:57:31,839 us here today lori it's my pleasure 1402 00:57:35,270 --> 00:57:33,839 thanks back to you raquel for another 1403 00:57:37,510 --> 00:57:35,280 mission update 1404 00:57:39,670 --> 00:57:37,520 thanks marina the cruise team for 1405 00:57:42,870 --> 00:57:39,680 perseverance controls the rover on its 1406 00:57:45,750 --> 00:57:42,880 way to mars and moments ago they handed 1407 00:57:47,829 --> 00:57:45,760 it over to the landing team and it looks 1408 00:57:50,710 --> 00:57:47,839 like team leaders in mission control are 1409 00:57:52,309 --> 00:57:50,720 about to talk to both teams so let's 1410 00:57:54,470 --> 00:57:52,319 listen in 1411 00:57:57,109 --> 00:57:54,480 the cbm change uh as i mentioned 1412 00:58:00,069 --> 00:57:57,119 previously is to the edl reserve two-way 1413 00:58:01,829 --> 00:58:00,079 non-coherent level activity 1414 00:58:06,950 --> 00:58:01,839 copy flight 1415 00:58:11,589 --> 00:58:09,510 tough talk i guess to the team 1416 00:58:13,349 --> 00:58:11,599 right uh you know i'm terrible pep talks 1417 00:58:16,069 --> 00:58:13,359 i think you my 1418 00:58:17,349 --> 00:58:16,079 reputation precedes me there and uh 1419 00:58:18,789 --> 00:58:17,359 look i know this hasn't been easy right 1420 00:58:20,150 --> 00:58:18,799 i'm not even sure we've even been all in 1421 00:58:22,470 --> 00:58:20,160 the same room at the same time i mean 1422 00:58:24,549 --> 00:58:22,480 i'm staring at folks across the uh 1423 00:58:28,470 --> 00:58:24,559 across the internet as well uh even now 1424 00:58:30,710 --> 00:58:29,430 yeah 1425 00:58:31,829 --> 00:58:30,720 voice check 1426 00:58:33,990 --> 00:58:31,839 okay 1427 00:58:36,150 --> 00:58:34,000 um i do want to just extend uh my 1428 00:58:38,470 --> 00:58:36,160 heartfelt appreciation from the edl team 1429 00:58:39,910 --> 00:58:38,480 to the uh to the launch cruise team uh 1430 00:58:41,910 --> 00:58:39,920 you've done everything we've asked for 1431 00:58:43,589 --> 00:58:41,920 right i mean you've battled anomalies 1432 00:58:44,710 --> 00:58:43,599 you've you know dealt with cessies he's 1433 00:58:46,950 --> 00:58:44,720 done everything 1434 00:58:48,549 --> 00:58:46,960 he delivered a healthy spacecraft to the 1435 00:58:50,069 --> 00:58:48,559 place that we want to go 1436 00:58:51,349 --> 00:58:50,079 and she's right on target right he did 1437 00:58:53,510 --> 00:58:51,359 the last maneuver literally two months 1438 00:58:54,630 --> 00:58:53,520 ago right this is pretty incredible in 1439 00:58:55,990 --> 00:58:54,640 my opinion 1440 00:58:57,190 --> 00:58:56,000 um and she's armed with the right 1441 00:58:59,109 --> 00:58:57,200 information to help us land you know 1442 00:59:00,309 --> 00:58:59,119 doing the founder update last night 1443 00:59:01,430 --> 00:59:00,319 we're ready to roll you've done 1444 00:59:03,030 --> 00:59:01,440 everything right 1445 00:59:04,470 --> 00:59:03,040 um and you've put up with us too right 1446 00:59:05,270 --> 00:59:04,480 you've put up with our eccentricities 1447 00:59:09,190 --> 00:59:05,280 and 1448 00:59:11,109 --> 00:59:09,200 i very much appreciate that 1449 00:59:12,309 --> 00:59:11,119 so uh you all should sleep in on friday 1450 00:59:15,190 --> 00:59:12,319 since uh 1451 00:59:16,549 --> 00:59:15,200 i you know you guys have earned it um 1452 00:59:17,670 --> 00:59:16,559 thanks for literally and figuratively 1453 00:59:18,549 --> 00:59:17,680 putting us in the right position to 1454 00:59:19,510 --> 00:59:18,559 succeed 1455 00:59:26,309 --> 00:59:19,520 and 1456 00:59:27,990 --> 00:59:26,319 as flight director i also would like to 1457 00:59:31,030 --> 00:59:28,000 thank the whole team 1458 00:59:34,390 --> 00:59:31,040 crewsops edl ops 1459 00:59:36,309 --> 00:59:34,400 edl team and the surface ops as well 1460 00:59:38,150 --> 00:59:36,319 it's been an amazing journey i think we 1461 00:59:39,750 --> 00:59:38,160 all know that and 1462 00:59:42,309 --> 00:59:39,760 it's been my honor and pleasure to work 1463 00:59:45,109 --> 00:59:42,319 with you all side by side 1464 00:59:46,390 --> 00:59:45,119 and your tireless efforts and endurance 1465 00:59:48,549 --> 00:59:46,400 in the face 1466 00:59:51,109 --> 00:59:48,559 of our challenges has been 1467 00:59:52,630 --> 00:59:51,119 truly truly inspiring so 1468 00:59:55,030 --> 00:59:52,640 kudos to you 1469 00:59:57,270 --> 00:59:55,040 mission would you like to see something 1470 00:59:59,109 --> 00:59:57,280 yeah just echoing the same words that uh 1471 01:00:01,829 --> 00:59:59,119 that al and maggie have uh have 1472 01:00:03,430 --> 01:00:01,839 mentioned you guys have overcome great 1473 01:00:05,750 --> 01:00:03,440 obstacles in the last six and a half 1474 01:00:08,309 --> 01:00:05,760 months and it started with an earthquake 1475 01:00:09,510 --> 01:00:08,319 in this room on launch day at l minus 20 1476 01:00:10,470 --> 01:00:09,520 minutes 1477 01:00:12,870 --> 01:00:10,480 so 1478 01:00:14,870 --> 01:00:12,880 i can't be more proud than all of the 1479 01:00:16,630 --> 01:00:14,880 achievements that you guys have have 1480 01:00:17,670 --> 01:00:16,640 pulled off in the last six and a half 1481 01:00:19,750 --> 01:00:17,680 months 1482 01:00:21,510 --> 01:00:19,760 whatever happens in the next hour and a 1483 01:00:23,430 --> 01:00:21,520 half you can be proud of the 1484 01:00:24,230 --> 01:00:23,440 achievements that you've accomplished so 1485 01:00:25,670 --> 01:00:24,240 far 1486 01:00:26,710 --> 01:00:25,680 i look forward to seeing you on the 1487 01:00:28,230 --> 01:00:26,720 other side 1488 01:00:29,750 --> 01:00:28,240 and i only wish that the rest of our 1489 01:00:32,950 --> 01:00:29,760 team could be sharing this moment with 1490 01:00:35,270 --> 01:00:32,960 us uh this is a very unusual event 1491 01:00:36,309 --> 01:00:35,280 this room is only as half as full as it 1492 01:00:38,390 --> 01:00:36,319 would be 1493 01:00:40,230 --> 01:00:38,400 if we weren't in this pandemic so 1494 01:00:45,030 --> 01:00:40,240 missing everybody on the team who's not 1495 01:00:48,080 --> 01:00:45,040 with us here today and go edl 1496 01:00:55,670 --> 01:00:48,090 welcome to the edel family 1497 01:01:01,109 --> 01:00:55,680 [Applause] 1498 01:01:05,349 --> 01:01:03,190 all right activity 1499 01:01:07,349 --> 01:01:05,359 go ahead and continue the report 1500 01:01:10,309 --> 01:01:07,359 sure thing fight um we've since 1501 01:01:12,630 --> 01:01:10,319 completed the edl start anchor 1502 01:01:15,670 --> 01:01:12,640 as i was mentioning we changed our cbm 1503 01:01:18,150 --> 01:01:15,680 row to edl reserve two-way non-coherent 1504 01:01:19,430 --> 01:01:18,160 that row reinforces our cbm windows 1505 01:01:21,829 --> 01:01:19,440 disabled 1506 01:01:23,270 --> 01:01:21,839 keeps our packetization on it turns off 1507 01:01:25,990 --> 01:01:23,280 our ranging and switches to the 1508 01:01:28,390 --> 01:01:26,000 auxiliary oscillator we have also 1509 01:01:31,430 --> 01:01:28,400 started our real-time data products 1510 01:01:32,950 --> 01:01:31,440 and reinforced medley on 1511 01:01:35,109 --> 01:01:32,960 at this time 1512 01:01:37,510 --> 01:01:35,119 now we just heard perseverance team 1513 01:01:40,549 --> 01:01:37,520 leaders thank the cruise team for their 1514 01:01:42,870 --> 01:01:40,559 work in guiding the rover to mars now 1515 01:01:45,750 --> 01:01:42,880 did you know the rover name and mars 1516 01:01:48,069 --> 01:01:45,760 helicopter name came from students well 1517 01:01:50,630 --> 01:01:48,079 a couple weeks ago marina was able to 1518 01:01:53,510 --> 01:01:50,640 catch up with them 1519 01:01:55,910 --> 01:01:53,520 thanks raquel earlier this year nasa and 1520 01:01:59,190 --> 01:01:55,920 our partners held a nationwide essay 1521 01:02:01,589 --> 01:01:59,200 contest to name our mars rover alex 1522 01:02:04,069 --> 01:02:01,599 mather a seventh grader from springfield 1523 01:02:06,390 --> 01:02:04,079 virginia submitted the winning essay 1524 01:02:10,069 --> 01:02:06,400 that was selected by nasa from a field 1525 01:02:12,150 --> 01:02:10,079 of more than 28 000 entries from k 1526 01:02:14,710 --> 01:02:12,160 through 12 students in every state in 1527 01:02:17,589 --> 01:02:14,720 the u.s vanessa rouhani's essay for 1528 01:02:19,430 --> 01:02:17,599 ingenuity was so compelling nasa thought 1529 01:02:22,069 --> 01:02:19,440 it would be a perfect name for the 1530 01:02:23,829 --> 01:02:22,079 history making helicopter a technology 1531 01:02:26,630 --> 01:02:23,839 demonstration carried aboard the 1532 01:02:28,710 --> 01:02:26,640 perseverance rover alex and vanessa join 1533 01:02:31,109 --> 01:02:28,720 us now welcome you guys 1534 01:02:33,190 --> 01:02:31,119 hello space nerds 1535 01:02:35,430 --> 01:02:33,200 hi 1536 01:02:38,549 --> 01:02:35,440 now you got to go to florida and watch 1537 01:02:40,630 --> 01:02:38,559 the launch live back in july alex what 1538 01:02:42,230 --> 01:02:40,640 were you feeling as you saw that rocket 1539 01:02:44,549 --> 01:02:42,240 launch into the sky 1540 01:02:47,349 --> 01:02:44,559 i read a lot of books written by 1541 01:02:50,870 --> 01:02:47,359 astronauts and every single one of them 1542 01:02:53,029 --> 01:02:50,880 always talks about the raw power 1543 01:02:55,109 --> 01:02:53,039 behind the space launch 1544 01:02:58,950 --> 01:02:55,119 and i definitely feel like watching the 1545 01:03:01,510 --> 01:02:58,960 launch invoked that sense of 1546 01:03:04,069 --> 01:03:01,520 of well inspiration mixed with 1547 01:03:05,270 --> 01:03:04,079 anticipation along with that rumble in 1548 01:03:08,069 --> 01:03:05,280 my chest 1549 01:03:10,150 --> 01:03:08,079 that's very inspirational and i'm sure 1550 01:03:12,069 --> 01:03:10,160 that you have had many conversations 1551 01:03:13,829 --> 01:03:12,079 with your classmates since this all 1552 01:03:14,950 --> 01:03:13,839 began what kind of questions have they 1553 01:03:17,430 --> 01:03:14,960 asked you 1554 01:03:19,430 --> 01:03:17,440 i got some people asking me about what 1555 01:03:21,270 --> 01:03:19,440 this helicopter is what this rover is 1556 01:03:23,270 --> 01:03:21,280 what are they actually going to do 1557 01:03:24,549 --> 01:03:23,280 so i love that this whole experience 1558 01:03:26,870 --> 01:03:24,559 sparked a greater interest in the 1559 01:03:28,870 --> 01:03:26,880 mission in my community why do you think 1560 01:03:31,190 --> 01:03:28,880 it's so important for kids to be 1561 01:03:34,309 --> 01:03:31,200 inspired by space exploration 1562 01:03:37,029 --> 01:03:34,319 because space is the future and kids are 1563 01:03:39,589 --> 01:03:37,039 the future learning about space and 1564 01:03:42,470 --> 01:03:39,599 watching the story of humanity spread to 1565 01:03:45,670 --> 01:03:42,480 the stars happen is watching the future 1566 01:03:48,309 --> 01:03:45,680 happen and seeing history unfold 1567 01:03:49,990 --> 01:03:48,319 the best way to keep our home safe and 1568 01:03:52,069 --> 01:03:50,000 protect our planet is to learn from the 1569 01:03:53,510 --> 01:03:52,079 worlds around it so i think it's really 1570 01:03:55,349 --> 01:03:53,520 important for the next generation of 1571 01:03:56,950 --> 01:03:55,359 scientists to be engaged in that type of 1572 01:03:59,029 --> 01:03:56,960 exploration to make our home the best 1573 01:04:01,349 --> 01:03:59,039 place it can be 1574 01:04:03,270 --> 01:04:01,359 now speaking of the future what has your 1575 01:04:06,069 --> 01:04:03,280 life been like since naming the rover 1576 01:04:09,029 --> 01:04:06,079 and helicopter has it sparked any future 1577 01:04:12,230 --> 01:04:09,039 aspirations for the two of you 1578 01:04:14,309 --> 01:04:12,240 oh man i am currently applying to a 1579 01:04:15,190 --> 01:04:14,319 science and technology school for high 1580 01:04:17,270 --> 01:04:15,200 school 1581 01:04:19,670 --> 01:04:17,280 i'm hoping for a nasa internship 1582 01:04:22,470 --> 01:04:19,680 sometime along the way with my ultimate 1583 01:04:24,789 --> 01:04:22,480 goal being to join the incredible team 1584 01:04:26,549 --> 01:04:24,799 of scientists and engineers who are 1585 01:04:28,230 --> 01:04:26,559 about to make this happen 1586 01:04:29,750 --> 01:04:28,240 this whole experience has definitely 1587 01:04:32,069 --> 01:04:29,760 shown me that i want to go into the 1588 01:04:33,670 --> 01:04:32,079 space industry i came home from florida 1589 01:04:35,510 --> 01:04:33,680 did all my college applications and 1590 01:04:37,510 --> 01:04:35,520 checked aerospace engineering on all the 1591 01:04:38,870 --> 01:04:37,520 boxes i mean the whole time we were 1592 01:04:41,029 --> 01:04:38,880 there i was thinking why would anyone 1593 01:04:44,230 --> 01:04:41,039 want to do anything else 1594 01:04:46,309 --> 01:04:44,240 so true and the best of luck to both of 1595 01:04:49,029 --> 01:04:46,319 you thank you so much for joining us 1596 01:04:50,870 --> 01:04:49,039 here today alex and vanessa 1597 01:04:52,870 --> 01:04:50,880 thank you for having us thank you so 1598 01:04:57,109 --> 01:04:52,880 much i had a great time 1599 01:04:59,349 --> 01:04:57,119 now your essays as well as the top 155 1600 01:05:02,470 --> 01:04:59,359 finalist essays are riding on the 1601 01:05:04,950 --> 01:05:02,480 perseverance rover along with nearly 11 1602 01:05:07,349 --> 01:05:04,960 million of the names from all over the 1603 01:05:09,270 --> 01:05:07,359 world that were submitted before launch 1604 01:05:11,510 --> 01:05:09,280 and if you miss the chance to get your 1605 01:05:13,430 --> 01:05:11,520 name on perseverance then you will get 1606 01:05:15,510 --> 01:05:13,440 another chance to reserve a spot on the 1607 01:05:19,029 --> 01:05:15,520 next mission to mars so make sure that 1608 01:05:22,630 --> 01:05:19,039 you sign up now at mars.nasa.gov 1609 01:05:24,789 --> 01:05:22,640 for your boarding pass 1610 01:05:27,109 --> 01:05:24,799 as virtual celebrations are happening 1611 01:05:29,670 --> 01:05:27,119 all over the globe let's take a look at 1612 01:05:31,670 --> 01:05:29,680 some of your submissions on our social 1613 01:05:34,390 --> 01:05:31,680 channels showing us how you're 1614 01:05:38,150 --> 01:05:34,400 celebrating the perseverance landing 1615 01:05:41,270 --> 01:05:38,160 right now and remember to hashtag count 1616 01:05:44,309 --> 01:05:41,280 down to mars and send those in we would 1617 01:05:46,950 --> 01:05:44,319 love to show them off 1618 01:05:49,510 --> 01:05:46,960 look at these kids they are getting so 1619 01:05:51,829 --> 01:05:49,520 excited everyone's watching it a lot of 1620 01:05:54,470 --> 01:05:51,839 classrooms are watching it oh and great 1621 01:05:57,349 --> 01:05:54,480 someone did a lego version of 1622 01:05:59,670 --> 01:05:57,359 perseverance which is awesome 1623 01:06:01,349 --> 01:05:59,680 it looks fantastic we love getting all 1624 01:06:03,589 --> 01:06:01,359 your pictures out there we've gotten a 1625 01:06:05,589 --> 01:06:03,599 lot of artwork from kids which has been 1626 01:06:08,789 --> 01:06:05,599 great i know i have a nine-year-old john 1627 01:06:10,789 --> 01:06:08,799 at home and he loves to draw the rover 1628 01:06:12,309 --> 01:06:10,799 and look at that that is awesome that's 1629 01:06:15,109 --> 01:06:12,319 better than anything i could bake that's 1630 01:06:17,270 --> 01:06:15,119 for sure perseverance in a cake 1631 01:06:20,150 --> 01:06:17,280 that looks so great delicious i want to 1632 01:06:26,470 --> 01:06:23,349 another great send-in from david bowie 1633 01:06:29,910 --> 01:06:27,990 thank you so much for your submissions 1634 01:06:31,829 --> 01:06:29,920 remember hashtag countdown to mars we 1635 01:06:33,910 --> 01:06:31,839 love to see how you're celebrating now 1636 01:06:36,390 --> 01:06:33,920 you might know our next guest from shows 1637 01:06:39,349 --> 01:06:36,400 like emily's wonder lab joining me now 1638 01:06:42,150 --> 01:06:39,359 is emily kelandrelli thank you so much 1639 01:06:44,390 --> 01:06:42,160 for being here with us today 1640 01:06:46,230 --> 01:06:44,400 hi thanks so much for having me 1641 01:06:48,069 --> 01:06:46,240 now you are very passionate about 1642 01:06:50,630 --> 01:06:48,079 getting kids interested in science and 1643 01:06:53,990 --> 01:06:50,640 space exploration why do you think kids 1644 01:06:55,910 --> 01:06:54,000 are so excited about space 1645 01:06:57,589 --> 01:06:55,920 well i know the reason i'm excited about 1646 01:06:59,430 --> 01:06:57,599 space and i think it's the same reason 1647 01:07:01,510 --> 01:06:59,440 that many others are excited about space 1648 01:07:04,069 --> 01:07:01,520 and it's that the people in the space 1649 01:07:06,390 --> 01:07:04,079 industry work to answer two of the 1650 01:07:09,349 --> 01:07:06,400 biggest questions that humans have ever 1651 01:07:11,670 --> 01:07:09,359 asked are we alone in the universe and 1652 01:07:13,990 --> 01:07:11,680 where did we all come from and by 1653 01:07:16,309 --> 01:07:14,000 sending a rover to mars we are gaining 1654 01:07:18,150 --> 01:07:16,319 evidence for the answers to these 1655 01:07:21,910 --> 01:07:18,160 questions more evidence than we ever had 1656 01:07:23,910 --> 01:07:21,920 before and i think that's so exciting 1657 01:07:25,910 --> 01:07:23,920 it is and i know you get loads of 1658 01:07:28,549 --> 01:07:25,920 interesting questions from kids have you 1659 01:07:30,950 --> 01:07:28,559 gotten any about mars specifically 1660 01:07:33,349 --> 01:07:30,960 oh my gosh yes everybody loves smarts 1661 01:07:34,789 --> 01:07:33,359 it's in movies and books and tv shows 1662 01:07:36,710 --> 01:07:34,799 and everybody loves mars so one of the 1663 01:07:38,789 --> 01:07:36,720 things that i get asked a lot is that 1664 01:07:41,190 --> 01:07:38,799 you know it's called the red planet why 1665 01:07:44,309 --> 01:07:41,200 is it red well it's red because it's 1666 01:07:47,109 --> 01:07:44,319 literally rusty the top layer of soil on 1667 01:07:49,670 --> 01:07:47,119 mars has iron oxide in it or rust and 1668 01:07:52,150 --> 01:07:49,680 rust has that brownish red color so it's 1669 01:07:55,029 --> 01:07:52,160 it's red because it's rusty and also 1670 01:07:57,430 --> 01:07:55,039 because it's red they ask is it red hot 1671 01:07:59,270 --> 01:07:57,440 is it really hot on mars and well no 1672 01:08:00,950 --> 01:07:59,280 actually it's colder than the earth it's 1673 01:08:02,390 --> 01:08:00,960 farther away from the sun so as you 1674 01:08:04,789 --> 01:08:02,400 would imagine it's a little bit colder 1675 01:08:07,430 --> 01:08:04,799 than the earth it also has a really thin 1676 01:08:09,750 --> 01:08:07,440 atmosphere so the heat that it does have 1677 01:08:11,510 --> 01:08:09,760 it has a hard time keeping in 1678 01:08:13,910 --> 01:08:11,520 and so it's a little bit colder but then 1679 01:08:16,470 --> 01:08:13,920 i also get asked what would i weigh on 1680 01:08:18,390 --> 01:08:16,480 mars that's a really fun question so on 1681 01:08:20,229 --> 01:08:18,400 mars it's a little bit smaller than the 1682 01:08:22,390 --> 01:08:20,239 earth so the gravity there is weaker 1683 01:08:24,470 --> 01:08:22,400 it's about 3 8 the gravity that we have 1684 01:08:26,390 --> 01:08:24,480 here on earth so if you wait 100 pounds 1685 01:08:28,630 --> 01:08:26,400 here on earth you weigh 38 pounds on 1686 01:08:31,349 --> 01:08:28,640 mars or 100 kilograms here on earth 38 1687 01:08:33,030 --> 01:08:31,359 kilograms on mars 1688 01:08:34,550 --> 01:08:33,040 those are all super fun i think even 1689 01:08:36,550 --> 01:08:34,560 some adults want to know the answers to 1690 01:08:38,390 --> 01:08:36,560 those questions emily 1691 01:08:40,709 --> 01:08:38,400 now why do you think it's so important 1692 01:08:43,430 --> 01:08:40,719 to educate kids about science and give 1693 01:08:46,550 --> 01:08:43,440 them that great foundation 1694 01:08:48,309 --> 01:08:46,560 well science is the language of nature 1695 01:08:50,789 --> 01:08:48,319 and learning about science and learning 1696 01:08:52,950 --> 01:08:50,799 how to think like a scientist means you 1697 01:08:55,349 --> 01:08:52,960 are learning how to systematically seek 1698 01:08:56,950 --> 01:08:55,359 out truth in the world you are learning 1699 01:08:58,630 --> 01:08:56,960 the scientific method you're learning 1700 01:09:00,630 --> 01:08:58,640 how to be a critical thinker and 1701 01:09:02,229 --> 01:09:00,640 honestly those skills are great for 1702 01:09:03,349 --> 01:09:02,239 whatever you end up wanting to do in 1703 01:09:05,189 --> 01:09:03,359 life 1704 01:09:07,510 --> 01:09:05,199 true if you want to be a scientist or an 1705 01:09:10,229 --> 01:09:07,520 opera singer that holds true what are 1706 01:09:11,269 --> 01:09:10,239 you most excited about today 1707 01:09:14,070 --> 01:09:11,279 i mean 1708 01:09:16,149 --> 01:09:14,080 humans are launching a robot to mars 1709 01:09:17,990 --> 01:09:16,159 that doesn't happen every day i think in 1710 01:09:20,070 --> 01:09:18,000 all of the hecticness that is going on 1711 01:09:22,309 --> 01:09:20,080 today and all of the nerves i just 1712 01:09:24,789 --> 01:09:22,319 everyone can take a moment to sit back 1713 01:09:27,030 --> 01:09:24,799 and remember that we live in a time when 1714 01:09:29,189 --> 01:09:27,040 humans have the ability to send a robot 1715 01:09:31,669 --> 01:09:29,199 to another planet and that is just 1716 01:09:34,470 --> 01:09:31,679 that's so cool to me 1717 01:09:36,630 --> 01:09:34,480 it is very cool emily take a deep breath 1718 01:09:37,990 --> 01:09:36,640 thanks for joining us here 1719 01:09:40,229 --> 01:09:38,000 thanks for having me 1720 01:09:43,510 --> 01:09:40,239 sending it back to you now raquel 1721 01:09:46,070 --> 01:09:43,520 thanks marina we are offering lots of 1722 01:09:48,390 --> 01:09:46,080 ways to ride along with us to mars now 1723 01:09:50,950 --> 01:09:48,400 put yourself right into the action now 1724 01:09:53,189 --> 01:09:50,960 with our perseverance photo booth you 1725 01:09:56,070 --> 01:09:53,199 can pose next to the rover place 1726 01:09:57,669 --> 01:09:56,080 yourself in our mission control and even 1727 01:09:59,910 --> 01:09:57,679 see what you might look like taking a 1728 01:10:01,830 --> 01:09:59,920 selfie on the red planet 1729 01:10:04,149 --> 01:10:01,840 there you'll also have a chance to sign 1730 01:10:06,870 --> 01:10:04,159 up to send your name to mars on nasa's 1731 01:10:10,470 --> 01:10:06,880 next flight to the red planet it's all 1732 01:10:13,430 --> 01:10:10,480 available at go.nasa.gov 1733 01:10:17,350 --> 01:10:13,440 mars 2020 toolkit 1734 01:10:20,390 --> 01:10:17,360 and joining us now is jpl chief engineer 1735 01:10:22,470 --> 01:10:20,400 and landing veteran rob manning he will 1736 01:10:24,709 --> 01:10:22,480 be breaking down key moments coming up 1737 01:10:27,430 --> 01:10:24,719 and very few people know more about 1738 01:10:30,950 --> 01:10:27,440 landing on mars than rob going back to 1739 01:10:33,110 --> 01:10:30,960 the pathfinder mission in 1997. 1740 01:10:34,870 --> 01:10:33,120 thanks for joining us today rob yeah 1741 01:10:37,189 --> 01:10:34,880 thank you very much rick 1742 01:10:38,390 --> 01:10:37,199 for having me here and what a wonderful 1743 01:10:40,390 --> 01:10:38,400 experience 1744 01:10:42,070 --> 01:10:40,400 what a wonderful day for a beautiful day 1745 01:10:44,470 --> 01:10:42,080 in california 1746 01:10:46,790 --> 01:10:44,480 we we're just so excited here anxious 1747 01:10:48,630 --> 01:10:46,800 worried but very hopeful 1748 01:10:51,030 --> 01:10:48,640 rob i have a question for you there is a 1749 01:10:53,669 --> 01:10:51,040 landing tradition at jpl that involves 1750 01:10:55,430 --> 01:10:53,679 eating peanuts for good luck uh can you 1751 01:10:57,990 --> 01:10:55,440 tell us how did that start 1752 01:11:00,390 --> 01:10:58,000 yes it started in the mid 1960s what 1753 01:11:02,870 --> 01:11:00,400 happened was we had a series of missions 1754 01:11:05,669 --> 01:11:02,880 that had failures the ranger program in 1755 01:11:07,990 --> 01:11:05,679 the early 1960s and one after another 1756 01:11:09,350 --> 01:11:08,000 failed and what happened was one day a 1757 01:11:11,910 --> 01:11:09,360 fellow by the name of dick wallace on 1758 01:11:14,790 --> 01:11:11,920 the on ranger number seven on the 1759 01:11:16,870 --> 01:11:14,800 seventh attempt decided to bring peanuts 1760 01:11:19,270 --> 01:11:16,880 to the ops area just before the before 1761 01:11:21,189 --> 01:11:19,280 the launch and guess what that mission 1762 01:11:23,270 --> 01:11:21,199 worked now we're not supposed to be too 1763 01:11:25,030 --> 01:11:23,280 super superstitious we're engineers and 1764 01:11:27,350 --> 01:11:25,040 scientists after all but we love 1765 01:11:28,950 --> 01:11:27,360 tradition and ever since then before 1766 01:11:30,310 --> 01:11:28,960 launch and before critical events like 1767 01:11:31,510 --> 01:11:30,320 enter descent landing we have brought 1768 01:11:33,350 --> 01:11:31,520 out peanuts and shared them with the 1769 01:11:35,350 --> 01:11:33,360 team and it's been really a wonderful 1770 01:11:37,030 --> 01:11:35,360 little experience and and so this is 1771 01:11:39,510 --> 01:11:37,040 something we will do we're doing right 1772 01:11:41,270 --> 01:11:39,520 now and uh and it's something that we we 1773 01:11:43,189 --> 01:11:41,280 just can't help ourselves it's just part 1774 01:11:47,270 --> 01:11:43,199 of the experience 1775 01:11:49,430 --> 01:11:47,280 the perseverance team keep the tradition 1776 01:11:51,189 --> 01:11:49,440 alive this year well this year we're 1777 01:11:53,030 --> 01:11:51,199 passed out little packets of penis to 1778 01:11:54,390 --> 01:11:53,040 the team and they can sneak a pic one 1779 01:11:56,310 --> 01:11:54,400 peanut in their mouth 1780 01:11:58,229 --> 01:11:56,320 for uh as part of to keep the tradition 1781 01:11:59,830 --> 01:11:58,239 alive but you know this is part of the 1782 01:12:00,630 --> 01:11:59,840 covet experience but we can't leave this 1783 01:12:04,709 --> 01:12:00,640 one 1784 01:12:06,310 --> 01:12:04,719 we're and uh and this is gonna help us 1785 01:12:07,910 --> 01:12:06,320 land safely 1786 01:12:09,590 --> 01:12:07,920 all right thanks rob i have some 1787 01:12:11,669 --> 01:12:09,600 questions for you a little later on but 1788 01:12:13,990 --> 01:12:11,679 we are heading back to swati mohan who 1789 01:12:16,149 --> 01:12:14,000 is part of the landing team she'll be 1790 01:12:18,229 --> 01:12:16,159 calling out key milestone and events as 1791 01:12:22,790 --> 01:12:18,239 they happen from mission control so 1792 01:12:26,950 --> 01:12:24,709 so right now we're still about 20 1793 01:12:30,550 --> 01:12:26,960 minutes from entry and the edl phase is 1794 01:12:32,470 --> 01:12:30,560 giving a last-minute um 1795 01:12:34,470 --> 01:12:32,480 confirmation of what will be 1796 01:12:36,390 --> 01:12:34,480 happening 1797 01:12:38,550 --> 01:12:36,400 in the upcoming 1798 01:12:41,350 --> 01:12:38,560 changes to the vehicle just to remind 1799 01:12:44,229 --> 01:12:42,070 and 1800 01:12:45,830 --> 01:12:44,239 this will allow us to steer our 1801 01:12:47,350 --> 01:12:45,840 trajectory 1802 01:12:49,110 --> 01:12:47,360 as we make our way through the 1803 01:12:50,709 --> 01:12:49,120 atmosphere 1804 01:12:53,990 --> 01:12:50,719 and 1805 01:12:56,790 --> 01:12:54,000 this is one of the things that allowed 1806 01:12:58,870 --> 01:12:56,800 msl the curiosity rover 1807 01:13:02,390 --> 01:12:58,880 to 1808 01:13:04,870 --> 01:13:02,400 and we're depending on the same type of 1809 01:13:08,950 --> 01:13:04,880 entry guidance this time around 1810 01:13:12,709 --> 01:13:10,790 as we make our way 1811 01:13:15,030 --> 01:13:12,719 through entry finish the 1812 01:13:16,870 --> 01:13:15,040 finish our guided entry 1813 01:13:19,189 --> 01:13:16,880 profile 1814 01:13:21,030 --> 01:13:19,199 we'll do a maneuver called heading 1815 01:13:22,229 --> 01:13:21,040 alignment where we point toward the 1816 01:13:24,149 --> 01:13:22,239 target 1817 01:13:25,910 --> 01:13:24,159 and get ready to 1818 01:13:31,430 --> 01:13:25,920 deploy the parachute 1819 01:13:33,590 --> 01:13:31,440 we need to get rid of a 1820 01:13:35,270 --> 01:13:33,600 set of balanced passes 1821 01:13:36,790 --> 01:13:35,280 that have been 1822 01:13:39,990 --> 01:13:36,800 giving us a 1823 01:13:42,550 --> 01:13:40,000 center of gravity or cg offset 1824 01:13:44,070 --> 01:13:42,560 throughout the guided entry phase 1825 01:13:45,030 --> 01:13:44,080 so these are called 1826 01:13:49,430 --> 01:13:45,040 the 1827 01:13:52,229 --> 01:13:49,440 this maneuver 1828 01:13:53,430 --> 01:13:52,239 sucker sufr or straighten up and fly 1829 01:13:56,709 --> 01:13:53,440 right 1830 01:13:58,229 --> 01:13:56,719 so we'll go ahead and eject those masses 1831 01:14:01,110 --> 01:13:58,239 when we get 1832 01:14:03,270 --> 01:14:01,120 a trigger from the gnc system 1833 01:14:05,430 --> 01:14:03,280 telling us that we're at the appropriate 1834 01:14:07,750 --> 01:14:05,440 range to the target to do so 1835 01:14:09,430 --> 01:14:07,760 as soon as we deploy those 1836 01:14:12,070 --> 01:14:09,440 we will 1837 01:14:14,229 --> 01:14:12,080 no longer have a cd offset 1838 01:14:21,270 --> 01:14:14,239 and we'll be ready to deploy the 1839 01:14:24,229 --> 01:14:23,030 right where the perseverance team is 1840 01:14:26,830 --> 01:14:24,239 sitting now 1841 01:14:30,229 --> 01:14:26,840 what's in store for them as we approach 1842 01:14:32,390 --> 01:14:30,239 landing i'm gonna hold here for uh pdf 1843 01:14:35,430 --> 01:14:32,400 prep as uh we're about to start that 1844 01:14:39,110 --> 01:14:37,590 copy piece two 1845 01:14:40,870 --> 01:14:39,120 and activity please call that out when 1846 01:14:57,830 --> 01:14:40,880 it's ready 1847 01:15:01,189 --> 01:14:58,709 all right 1848 01:15:03,590 --> 01:15:01,199 now rob uh you've been right where the 1849 01:15:05,750 --> 01:15:03,600 perseverance team is sitting now uh 1850 01:15:07,030 --> 01:15:05,760 what's in store for them as we approach 1851 01:15:08,709 --> 01:15:07,040 landing 1852 01:15:11,189 --> 01:15:08,719 well this is the 1853 01:15:12,709 --> 01:15:11,199 this is the nail biting time um 1854 01:15:14,709 --> 01:15:12,719 fortunately we still have ones and zeros 1855 01:15:17,350 --> 01:15:14,719 coming but very soon as we approach true 1856 01:15:19,030 --> 01:15:17,360 stage separation the the transmitter on 1857 01:15:20,390 --> 01:15:19,040 this rover that's been we've been using 1858 01:15:22,470 --> 01:15:20,400 all the way to get to mars is going to 1859 01:15:24,229 --> 01:15:22,480 be turned off 1860 01:15:25,669 --> 01:15:24,239 um so 1861 01:15:27,270 --> 01:15:25,679 and we will lose our ability to see ones 1862 01:15:28,630 --> 01:15:27,280 and zeros but the good thing is once the 1863 01:15:31,590 --> 01:15:28,640 cruise stage is gone there's another 1864 01:15:32,709 --> 01:15:31,600 radio that will continue transmitting uh 1865 01:15:34,470 --> 01:15:32,719 a tone 1866 01:15:35,990 --> 01:15:34,480 so that like like a flashlight that will 1867 01:15:38,470 --> 01:15:36,000 allow us to see at least see that the 1868 01:15:39,990 --> 01:15:38,480 vehicle is still on and that and that 1869 01:15:41,510 --> 01:15:40,000 color of that flashlight tells us a 1870 01:15:44,149 --> 01:15:41,520 little bit with what state this the 1871 01:15:46,310 --> 01:15:44,159 rover is in but soon after that um it 1872 01:15:48,470 --> 01:15:46,320 won't be very long before we'll be able 1873 01:15:50,630 --> 01:15:48,480 to hear more ones and zeros coming from 1874 01:15:52,070 --> 01:15:50,640 the spacecraft um so this is a really 1875 01:15:54,390 --> 01:15:52,080 exciting time and and it's just 1876 01:15:55,750 --> 01:15:54,400 important to remind people this is a uh 1877 01:15:57,110 --> 01:15:55,760 there's a lot that can go wrong in a 1878 01:15:58,470 --> 01:15:57,120 date like today there's there are 1879 01:15:59,669 --> 01:15:58,480 thousands of things that have to go 1880 01:16:02,070 --> 01:15:59,679 right 1881 01:16:04,390 --> 01:16:02,080 yeah we had success in the past landing 1882 01:16:06,390 --> 01:16:04,400 on mars you think it gets easier but it 1883 01:16:09,030 --> 01:16:06,400 really doesn't why is it still so 1884 01:16:10,630 --> 01:16:09,040 difficult well it's well because it's 1885 01:16:12,149 --> 01:16:10,640 involved thousands and thousands of 1886 01:16:15,430 --> 01:16:12,159 things hundreds of thousands of lines of 1887 01:16:17,590 --> 01:16:15,440 code we there there is uh there's 79 1888 01:16:18,709 --> 01:16:17,600 pyrotechnic devices each have to work 1889 01:16:21,990 --> 01:16:18,719 perfectly 1890 01:16:24,070 --> 01:16:22,000 one critical wire short or one key thing 1891 01:16:26,470 --> 01:16:24,080 mechanism that doesn't work or breaks 1892 01:16:28,149 --> 01:16:26,480 and it's mission over and so it's you 1893 01:16:29,990 --> 01:16:28,159 know and and so 1894 01:16:33,270 --> 01:16:30,000 and it's very easy we're human beings 1895 01:16:35,990 --> 01:16:33,280 we're not perfect mistakes can be made 1896 01:16:39,030 --> 01:16:36,000 we each count on each other to to find 1897 01:16:41,350 --> 01:16:39,040 uh our own mistakes and and we 1898 01:16:43,990 --> 01:16:41,360 work very hard to to 1899 01:16:45,750 --> 01:16:44,000 learn from the mistakes of the past um 1900 01:16:46,630 --> 01:16:45,760 we've had many failures half remind 1901 01:16:48,070 --> 01:16:46,640 people 1902 01:16:50,630 --> 01:16:48,080 roughly half little 1903 01:16:53,990 --> 01:16:50,640 around half of the missions to mars over 1904 01:16:55,510 --> 01:16:54,000 history have failed um and so it's it's 1905 01:16:57,270 --> 01:16:55,520 it's that could happen today too even 1906 01:16:59,430 --> 01:16:57,280 though we've had a nice wonderful string 1907 01:17:00,550 --> 01:16:59,440 of successes in the united states it's 1908 01:17:05,110 --> 01:17:00,560 still 1909 01:17:07,110 --> 01:17:05,120 that we've we have hoped that we have we 1910 01:17:09,510 --> 01:17:07,120 have aired in the side of luck 1911 01:17:12,310 --> 01:17:09,520 and and and we've stacked the dice that 1912 01:17:15,030 --> 01:17:12,320 stacked the deck and uh loaded the dice 1913 01:17:17,510 --> 01:17:15,040 to make this thing succeed um but um if 1914 01:17:18,790 --> 01:17:17,520 we do if we do fail and something bad 1915 01:17:20,390 --> 01:17:18,800 happens today 1916 01:17:22,229 --> 01:17:20,400 i can tell you we're going to learn it 1917 01:17:23,990 --> 01:17:22,239 we'll have the data that tell us what 1918 01:17:24,709 --> 01:17:24,000 happened we'll know why we'll figure it 1919 01:17:26,630 --> 01:17:24,719 out 1920 01:17:28,709 --> 01:17:26,640 and and if we 1921 01:17:31,270 --> 01:17:28,719 are allowed we will pick ourselves up 1922 01:17:33,350 --> 01:17:31,280 and get us back on the horse and if 1923 01:17:34,390 --> 01:17:33,360 congress and nasa allow we will try 1924 01:17:36,149 --> 01:17:34,400 again 1925 01:17:37,350 --> 01:17:36,159 as we always do we will learn from our 1926 01:17:40,070 --> 01:17:37,360 mistakes 1927 01:17:42,070 --> 01:17:40,080 and what are the possible scenarios we 1928 01:17:43,110 --> 01:17:42,080 could be looking at today 1929 01:17:44,950 --> 01:17:43,120 well there's 1930 01:17:46,870 --> 01:17:44,960 things things like uh 1931 01:17:49,510 --> 01:17:46,880 one of the key stressful elements for 1932 01:17:51,030 --> 01:17:49,520 all of us is parachute inflation uh but 1933 01:17:52,950 --> 01:17:51,040 just even separating from the cruise 1934 01:17:55,189 --> 01:17:52,960 stage is a pretty major event lots of 1935 01:17:57,270 --> 01:17:55,199 devices have to work properly um 1936 01:17:58,950 --> 01:17:57,280 certainly on the heat shield separation 1937 01:18:00,950 --> 01:17:58,960 uh getting getting the the descent 1938 01:18:02,070 --> 01:18:00,960 engine started there's no less than than 1939 01:18:03,189 --> 01:18:02,080 uh 1940 01:18:05,750 --> 01:18:03,199 16 1941 01:18:07,830 --> 01:18:05,760 rocket motors that have to work one two 1942 01:18:10,149 --> 01:18:07,840 eight to control during entry another 1943 01:18:11,990 --> 01:18:10,159 eight to control it during landing i 1944 01:18:14,070 --> 01:18:12,000 said it's a lot of stuff and it all has 1945 01:18:16,709 --> 01:18:14,080 to work and guess what we haven't done 1946 01:18:19,110 --> 01:18:16,719 this before with this vehicle ever this 1947 01:18:21,590 --> 01:18:19,120 is this first attempt to actually land 1948 01:18:23,189 --> 01:18:21,600 we can't try this on earth we can't do 1949 01:18:25,350 --> 01:18:23,199 we don't have test pilots to try it out 1950 01:18:26,630 --> 01:18:25,360 on this planet before the big show so 1951 01:18:27,990 --> 01:18:26,640 this vehicle is doing it for the first 1952 01:18:30,229 --> 01:18:28,000 time we've done the best testing we can 1953 01:18:32,870 --> 01:18:30,239 do in bits and pieces but you know it's 1954 01:18:34,870 --> 01:18:32,880 it's as best as we could do and and uh 1955 01:18:37,030 --> 01:18:34,880 but i think our team is up to it we've 1956 01:18:39,350 --> 01:18:37,040 this team is the best it's a diverse 1957 01:18:40,790 --> 01:18:39,360 intelligent amazing group of people 1958 01:18:42,229 --> 01:18:40,800 people from all over the world who 1959 01:18:44,149 --> 01:18:42,239 worked on this not just here in 1960 01:18:46,709 --> 01:18:44,159 california but all over nasa 1961 01:18:49,110 --> 01:18:46,719 contributors from aerospace universities 1962 01:18:50,709 --> 01:18:49,120 countries around the world it is just an 1963 01:18:52,630 --> 01:18:50,719 incredible remarkable engineering 1964 01:18:54,470 --> 01:18:52,640 achievement and i am just so proud of 1965 01:18:56,709 --> 01:18:54,480 this team 1966 01:19:00,470 --> 01:18:56,719 thanks rob now let's listen back into 1967 01:19:05,030 --> 01:19:03,750 right you're about 14 minutes from entry 1968 01:19:06,709 --> 01:19:05,040 interface 1969 01:19:09,270 --> 01:19:06,719 the vehicle is 1970 01:19:11,669 --> 01:19:09,280 currently preparing the heat rejection 1971 01:19:13,110 --> 01:19:11,679 system that has kept the thermal system 1972 01:19:14,870 --> 01:19:13,120 cool inside the aeroshell for about the 1973 01:19:17,270 --> 01:19:14,880 last six months this will allow the 1974 01:19:19,430 --> 01:19:17,280 spacecraft to more easily cut the line 1975 01:19:28,070 --> 01:19:19,440 in upcoming cruise stage separation 1976 01:19:28,080 --> 01:19:33,750 we have now enabled the rover pyrobus 1977 01:19:38,310 --> 01:19:36,310 that's the pyrotechnic uh system uh that 1978 01:19:39,990 --> 01:19:38,320 that was powering off the cruise stage 1979 01:19:41,270 --> 01:19:40,000 devices 1980 01:19:42,870 --> 01:19:41,280 and these are the these are the things 1981 01:19:44,630 --> 01:19:42,880 in the cruise stage that will that we no 1982 01:19:46,870 --> 01:19:44,640 longer need with the pirate ticket 1983 01:19:49,030 --> 01:19:46,880 system working we can you can we can 1984 01:19:51,750 --> 01:19:49,040 explode the devices preparing for the 1985 01:19:54,310 --> 01:19:51,760 upcoming cruise stage duration in about 1986 01:19:56,790 --> 01:19:54,320 3 minutes 15 seconds 1987 01:19:58,470 --> 01:19:56,800 by powering off all the devices on the 1988 01:20:01,110 --> 01:19:58,480 cruise stage in order to 1989 01:20:05,510 --> 01:20:01,120 take me safe once the cruise stage is 1990 01:20:10,070 --> 01:20:07,910 yeah this is a this is a this tree stage 1991 01:20:12,709 --> 01:20:10,080 has been very reliable 1992 01:20:15,750 --> 01:20:12,719 we are firing our first pyros to event 1993 01:20:17,430 --> 01:20:15,760 the hrs liquid and gas 1994 01:20:18,870 --> 01:20:17,440 ah this has been the coolant because we 1995 01:20:20,709 --> 01:20:18,880 kept their vehicle from getting too hot 1996 01:20:25,830 --> 01:20:20,719 in the way of mars 1997 01:20:29,750 --> 01:20:28,229 and so this is one of the first uh major 1998 01:20:30,830 --> 01:20:29,760 events that take place as part of entry 1999 01:20:34,550 --> 01:20:30,840 descent 2000 01:20:36,229 --> 01:20:34,560 landing the transvent acre is complete 2001 01:20:41,590 --> 01:20:36,239 we will see the next anchor in 2002 01:20:46,629 --> 01:20:43,750 okay we are currently 12 and a half 2003 01:20:48,629 --> 01:20:46,639 minutes from entry interface we are 2004 01:20:53,030 --> 01:20:48,639 coming up on cruise stage separation in 2005 01:20:56,950 --> 01:20:55,189 what's happening now rob 2006 01:20:58,149 --> 01:20:56,960 okay we'll just we're just waiting the 2007 01:21:00,470 --> 01:20:58,159 the 2008 01:21:01,910 --> 01:21:00,480 rover is completely in charge it's doing 2009 01:21:03,350 --> 01:21:01,920 all the things we've taught it how to do 2010 01:21:05,669 --> 01:21:03,360 it's all built into the software we've 2011 01:21:08,790 --> 01:21:05,679 tested it over and over and over again 2012 01:21:11,350 --> 01:21:08,800 this team has spent 24 hours a day seven 2013 01:21:13,910 --> 01:21:11,360 days a week testing this thing for years 2014 01:21:15,990 --> 01:21:13,920 and and and so this is uh this is really 2015 01:21:18,229 --> 01:21:16,000 the culmination of all that work so this 2016 01:21:20,070 --> 01:21:18,239 vehicle is is gonna is getting ready to 2017 01:21:22,950 --> 01:21:20,080 push that cruise stage away 2018 01:21:25,189 --> 01:21:22,960 uh once it gets pushed away um it it 2019 01:21:27,270 --> 01:21:25,199 the entry system the rover inside with 2020 01:21:29,830 --> 01:21:27,280 the rover is still in charge is going to 2021 01:21:32,310 --> 01:21:29,840 get ready to take the vehicle turn it to 2022 01:21:34,950 --> 01:21:32,320 the right orientation and aim it to mars 2023 01:21:40,550 --> 01:21:34,960 and and uh and prepare for entering the 2024 01:21:44,310 --> 01:21:42,629 this won't be long 2025 01:21:46,629 --> 01:21:44,320 um be prepared for this event taking 2026 01:21:49,750 --> 01:21:46,639 about a minute and a half from mistake 2027 01:21:53,110 --> 01:21:49,760 separation about 11 minutes 20 seconds 2028 01:21:57,030 --> 01:21:55,350 okay so it's about 10 minutes from 2029 01:21:59,030 --> 01:21:57,040 cruising separation until it enters the 2030 01:22:02,229 --> 01:21:59,040 top of the atmosphere from then on and 2031 01:22:02,239 --> 01:22:05,990 telemetry will have stopped 2032 01:22:10,149 --> 01:22:07,590 telecom is confirming that the 2033 01:22:12,950 --> 01:22:10,159 spacecraft has switched to broadcasting 2034 01:22:15,430 --> 01:22:12,960 tones these tones are received directly 2035 01:22:16,950 --> 01:22:15,440 from perseverance but have very limited 2036 01:22:19,590 --> 01:22:16,960 information content 2037 01:22:22,470 --> 01:22:19,600 we won't receive real-time information 2038 01:22:24,390 --> 01:22:22,480 until about 2039 01:22:27,110 --> 01:22:24,400 9-10 minutes from now once the mars 2040 01:22:28,950 --> 01:22:27,120 reconnaissance orbiter starts relaying 2041 01:22:30,709 --> 01:22:28,960 information from perseverance 2042 01:22:32,790 --> 01:22:30,719 we are under a minute from cruise stage 2043 01:22:35,830 --> 01:22:32,800 separation about ten and a half minutes 2044 01:22:39,590 --> 01:22:37,750 it's getting exciting i have to admit i 2045 01:22:41,750 --> 01:22:39,600 am quite anxious 2046 01:22:42,950 --> 01:22:41,760 uh but very hopeful this machine is 2047 01:22:45,110 --> 01:22:42,960 going to do what we ask you're seeing 2048 01:22:46,950 --> 01:22:45,120 the heartbeat terms 2049 01:22:48,390 --> 01:22:46,960 okay that means that we there's no more 2050 01:22:59,750 --> 01:22:48,400 ones and zeros coming it's just the 2051 01:23:04,149 --> 01:23:01,669 we are continuing to receive tones from 2052 01:23:24,790 --> 01:23:04,159 perseverance coming standing by for 2053 01:23:28,390 --> 01:23:26,470 we have indication that cruise stage 2054 01:23:33,669 --> 01:23:28,400 separation has been confirmed by the 2055 01:23:37,830 --> 01:23:36,070 we're off on a good start in one minute 2056 01:23:39,669 --> 01:23:37,840 press advances landing software will 2057 01:23:42,629 --> 01:23:39,679 wake up and begin the no preparations 2058 01:23:45,110 --> 01:23:42,639 for entry the first action it will do is 2059 01:23:47,270 --> 01:23:45,120 to fire warm-up pulses with the entry 2060 01:23:49,350 --> 01:23:47,280 thrusters these pulses ensure that the 2061 01:23:51,189 --> 01:23:49,360 spacecraft gets the thrust that it wants 2062 01:23:52,310 --> 01:23:51,199 during entry interface 2063 01:23:59,510 --> 01:23:52,320 we're about 2064 01:24:02,950 --> 01:24:01,430 okay so now the vehicle's on its own 2065 01:24:04,709 --> 01:24:02,960 it's gonna it's turning itself into the 2066 01:24:06,149 --> 01:24:04,719 direction of facing the heat shield 2067 01:24:09,110 --> 01:24:06,159 toward mars 2068 01:24:10,709 --> 01:24:09,120 and uh and we'll eventually uh 2069 01:24:12,709 --> 01:24:10,719 uh hitting the top of the atmosphere 2070 01:24:20,870 --> 01:24:12,719 we're not far away this is gonna go very 2071 01:24:25,590 --> 01:24:22,790 that's confirmation that uh we got 2072 01:24:26,870 --> 01:24:25,600 shadowed by the crew stage 2073 01:24:31,350 --> 01:24:26,880 as it 2074 01:24:36,070 --> 01:24:33,590 telecom indicated actually that we could 2075 01:24:37,430 --> 01:24:36,080 see a signal that the crew stage went 2076 01:24:39,669 --> 01:24:37,440 between 2077 01:24:43,430 --> 01:24:39,679 the perseverance engine capsule and 2078 01:24:48,709 --> 01:24:45,590 the data stream indicating the crusade 2079 01:24:53,990 --> 01:24:50,870 we have confirmation that vehicle has 2080 01:25:03,590 --> 01:24:54,000 started warming up those entry thrusters 2081 01:25:09,270 --> 01:25:06,149 at this point the spacecraft is trying 2082 01:25:11,669 --> 01:25:09,280 to stop its spin from the cruise two 2083 01:25:13,430 --> 01:25:11,679 revolutions per minute down to zero 2084 01:25:15,910 --> 01:25:13,440 and then we'll turn to its desired 2085 01:25:17,189 --> 01:25:15,920 orientation from entry 2086 01:25:19,270 --> 01:25:17,199 it will 2087 01:25:21,189 --> 01:25:19,280 separate the two balanced maps that have 2088 01:25:22,709 --> 01:25:21,199 kept it balanced during all of cruise 2089 01:25:23,910 --> 01:25:22,719 this will allow the entry capsule to 2090 01:25:26,470 --> 01:25:23,920 have lift 2091 01:25:27,669 --> 01:25:26,480 when it enters the atmosphere we have 2092 01:25:30,149 --> 01:25:27,679 competition that 2093 01:25:32,550 --> 01:25:30,159 has turned to the desire 2094 01:25:34,070 --> 01:25:32,560 entry attitude 2095 01:25:39,350 --> 01:25:34,080 we are about seven and a half minutes 2096 01:25:42,629 --> 01:25:41,430 okay the vehicle is pointed in the right 2097 01:25:44,950 --> 01:25:42,639 direction 2098 01:25:46,070 --> 01:25:44,960 thrusters are warmed up and doing their 2099 01:25:47,350 --> 01:25:46,080 job 2100 01:25:49,669 --> 01:25:47,360 and now 2101 01:25:51,110 --> 01:25:49,679 we've spun down from the 2102 01:25:52,709 --> 01:25:51,120 two revolutions per minute that the 2103 01:25:55,270 --> 01:25:52,719 vehicle had the whole way to on the way 2104 01:25:57,189 --> 01:25:55,280 to mars is a spin stabilized spacecraft 2105 01:25:59,189 --> 01:25:57,199 and then from here on out it's going to 2106 01:26:01,189 --> 01:25:59,199 just be a bullet and it's going to 2107 01:26:03,990 --> 01:26:01,199 control its orient orientation and 2108 01:26:05,750 --> 01:26:04,000 attitude via rockets on the back of that 2109 01:26:06,830 --> 01:26:05,760 points carrier lock 2110 01:26:11,030 --> 01:26:06,840 yes sorry 2111 01:26:14,070 --> 01:26:11,040 camera dte from radio science from green 2112 01:26:20,629 --> 01:26:14,080 bank reports carrier lock 2113 01:26:25,030 --> 01:26:23,030 flight level one 2114 01:26:27,910 --> 01:26:25,040 we are continuing to wait for entry 2115 01:26:30,070 --> 01:26:27,920 interface for about six minutes and 45 2116 01:26:32,709 --> 01:26:30,080 seconds from entry interface 2117 01:26:35,110 --> 01:26:32,719 we have confirmation from uh greenback 2118 01:26:37,270 --> 01:26:35,120 that they are receiving direct earth 2119 01:26:38,870 --> 01:26:37,280 telemetry via that 2120 01:26:39,830 --> 01:26:38,880 path 2121 01:26:42,149 --> 01:26:39,840 the 2122 01:26:44,229 --> 01:26:42,159 spacecraft performance is currently 2123 01:26:46,310 --> 01:26:44,239 transmitting heartbeat tones 2124 01:26:48,870 --> 01:26:46,320 these tones indicate that perseverance 2125 01:26:52,790 --> 01:26:48,880 is operating normally and has nothing 2126 01:26:56,550 --> 01:26:54,550 just as expected 2127 01:27:05,430 --> 01:26:56,560 we're currently just over six minutes 2128 01:27:13,910 --> 01:27:06,790 okay 2129 01:27:17,830 --> 01:27:15,189 as soon as we get to the top of the 2130 01:27:19,830 --> 01:27:17,840 atmosphere the atm will be very quickly 2131 01:27:22,709 --> 01:27:19,840 which is the entry point it won't be 2132 01:27:24,390 --> 01:27:22,719 very long before the the atmosphere will 2133 01:27:26,149 --> 01:27:24,400 start getting thicker and thicker it's 2134 01:27:28,070 --> 01:27:26,159 going very quickly at a at a fairly 2135 01:27:29,750 --> 01:27:28,080 steep angle of 15 degrees 2136 01:27:31,830 --> 01:27:29,760 into the atmosphere as it starts to slow 2137 01:27:33,510 --> 01:27:31,840 down just under 2138 01:27:35,030 --> 01:27:33,520 about five and a half minutes from entry 2139 01:27:37,510 --> 01:27:35,040 interface 2140 01:27:39,189 --> 01:27:37,520 we're still receiving heartbeat tones 2141 01:27:41,110 --> 01:27:39,199 we expect to continue receiving 2142 01:27:43,750 --> 01:27:41,120 heartbeat tones until about five minutes 2143 01:27:45,350 --> 01:27:43,760 after entry at that time perseverance 2144 01:27:47,350 --> 01:27:45,360 will be no longer in view of our 2145 01:27:50,390 --> 01:27:47,360 antennas here on earth 2146 01:27:52,629 --> 01:27:50,400 about 90 seconds prior to entry the mars 2147 01:27:55,030 --> 01:27:52,639 reconnaissance orbiter should begin 2148 01:27:57,110 --> 01:27:55,040 receiving telemetry from perseverance 2149 01:27:58,310 --> 01:27:57,120 and streaming it to earth in near real 2150 01:28:01,510 --> 01:27:58,320 time 2151 01:28:03,830 --> 01:28:01,520 there are a few expected short outages 2152 01:28:06,629 --> 01:28:03,840 such as when we have a plasma back out 2153 01:28:08,470 --> 01:28:06,639 or when we enter the peak heating phase 2154 01:28:10,709 --> 01:28:08,480 aside from these outages caused by the 2155 01:28:12,950 --> 01:28:10,719 plasma blackout antenna switching or 2156 01:28:15,189 --> 01:28:12,960 high dynamic events spacecraft events we 2157 01:28:16,149 --> 01:28:15,199 should have telemetry until about 90 2158 01:28:17,110 --> 01:28:16,159 seconds 2159 01:28:18,390 --> 01:28:17,120 after 2160 01:28:20,470 --> 01:28:18,400 landing 2161 01:28:22,149 --> 01:28:20,480 a prisma blackout 2162 01:28:24,950 --> 01:28:22,159 is 2163 01:28:27,510 --> 01:28:24,960 strong enough to make it through the 2164 01:28:29,510 --> 01:28:27,520 superheated super fast air flowing 2165 01:28:31,350 --> 01:28:29,520 around the spacecraft all the way down 2166 01:28:33,270 --> 01:28:31,360 to earth once the temperature drops 2167 01:28:35,189 --> 01:28:33,280 below that peak heating we do reacquire 2168 01:28:36,870 --> 01:28:35,199 the signal from perseverance 2169 01:28:39,590 --> 01:28:36,880 we are currently about four and a half 2170 01:28:41,189 --> 01:28:39,600 minutes from entry intervase 2171 01:28:43,430 --> 01:28:41,199 perseverance continues to report 2172 01:28:45,590 --> 01:28:43,440 heartbeat tones indicating everything is 2173 01:28:46,470 --> 01:28:45,600 nominal 2174 01:28:48,310 --> 01:28:46,480 okay 2175 01:28:50,310 --> 01:28:48,320 what we wait what we're looking for now 2176 01:28:53,110 --> 01:28:50,320 is where mars reconnaissance orbiter 2177 01:28:55,110 --> 01:28:53,120 should be in view soon of our vehicle 2178 01:28:57,110 --> 01:28:55,120 and be able to listen to ones and zeros 2179 01:28:58,390 --> 01:28:57,120 coming from a separate radio that's 2180 01:28:59,590 --> 01:28:58,400 really designed to talk between 2181 01:29:01,270 --> 01:28:59,600 spacecraft 2182 01:29:02,790 --> 01:29:01,280 camera reports the electro radio is 2183 01:29:04,709 --> 01:29:02,800 powered on ready to receive signals from 2184 01:29:07,189 --> 01:29:04,719 the lander okay 2185 01:29:09,590 --> 01:29:07,199 mro is ready and less enabled and 2186 01:29:11,510 --> 01:29:09,600 waiting for the to hear from our rover 2187 01:29:13,830 --> 01:29:11,520 constance's orbiter has reported that 2188 01:29:16,870 --> 01:29:13,840 it's ready to receive the signal from 2189 01:29:19,669 --> 01:29:16,880 perseverance it should be in a few 2190 01:29:26,470 --> 01:29:19,679 minutes here we're just flight local one 2191 01:29:29,510 --> 01:29:28,229 we don't need these ones and zeros as 2192 01:29:32,229 --> 01:29:29,520 swati said 2193 01:29:33,270 --> 01:29:32,239 but to land safely but we really need it 2194 01:29:34,149 --> 01:29:33,280 for our own 2195 01:29:35,669 --> 01:29:34,159 uh 2196 01:29:38,390 --> 01:29:35,679 health and well-being today to keep our 2197 01:29:40,709 --> 01:29:38,400 nerves in control around this time a 2198 01:29:42,790 --> 01:29:40,719 second spacecraft maven should begin 2199 01:29:44,550 --> 01:29:42,800 picking up telemetry from perseverance 2200 01:29:46,470 --> 01:29:44,560 and will continue to record that 2201 01:29:47,510 --> 01:29:46,480 telemetry until several minutes post 2202 01:29:50,229 --> 01:29:47,520 landing 2203 01:29:52,629 --> 01:29:50,239 we won't get that data for several hours 2204 01:29:55,990 --> 01:29:52,639 after landing as it's being recorded and 2205 01:29:58,070 --> 01:29:56,000 then will be forwarded to earth later 2206 01:30:00,229 --> 01:29:58,080 we are continuing to receive heartbeat 2207 01:30:02,950 --> 01:30:00,239 tones indicating that everything is 2208 01:30:06,790 --> 01:30:02,960 nominal we're currently at about three 2209 01:30:11,990 --> 01:30:06,800 minutes until entry interface 2210 01:30:26,629 --> 01:30:13,669 very soon we'll be getting ones and 2211 01:30:30,390 --> 01:30:28,550 the entry interface is nothing more than 2212 01:30:32,310 --> 01:30:30,400 just an arbitrary place in the sky that 2213 01:30:34,310 --> 01:30:32,320 we've defined to be above the atmosphere 2214 01:30:36,229 --> 01:30:34,320 but but from that point on uh there's 2215 01:30:37,990 --> 01:30:36,239 definitely uh 2216 01:30:39,590 --> 01:30:38,000 atmosphere and above it there isn't 2217 01:30:42,229 --> 01:30:39,600 there are two minutes from entry 2218 01:30:45,110 --> 01:30:42,239 interface criteria 2219 01:30:50,550 --> 01:30:45,120 will transmit heartbeat tones indicating 2220 01:30:53,590 --> 01:30:52,070 so the tones can tell us whether 2221 01:30:55,990 --> 01:30:53,600 something's bad or not is happening so 2222 01:30:57,990 --> 01:30:56,000 so far the heartbeat is is doing well so 2223 01:31:00,709 --> 01:30:58,000 the vehicle thinks it's help it's in 2224 01:31:18,070 --> 01:31:00,719 good shape to land 2225 01:31:22,629 --> 01:31:19,990 we're just under two minutes from entry 2226 01:31:24,470 --> 01:31:22,639 interface as it gets closer to mars 2227 01:31:27,270 --> 01:31:24,480 preservance is actually being pulled in 2228 01:31:28,830 --> 01:31:27,280 by gravity and accelerating by the time 2229 01:31:32,550 --> 01:31:28,840 price range reaches entry interface 2230 01:31:34,470 --> 01:31:32,560 point he should be going just under 5.4 2231 01:31:36,229 --> 01:31:34,480 kilometers per second 2232 01:31:38,870 --> 01:31:36,239 we had about 2233 01:31:40,790 --> 01:31:38,880 90 seconds from entry interface and 2234 01:31:42,310 --> 01:31:40,800 standing by for mars reconnaissance 2235 01:32:09,990 --> 01:31:42,320 orbiter to pick up 2236 01:32:10,000 --> 01:32:28,790 we are one minute from entry interface 2237 01:32:34,390 --> 01:32:32,149 mro is in receive mode 2238 01:32:37,030 --> 01:32:34,400 we have confirmation that the confidence 2239 01:32:38,470 --> 01:32:37,040 inspirator is now relaying data from 2240 01:32:40,470 --> 01:32:38,480 perseverance 2241 01:32:41,590 --> 01:32:40,480 we're about 30 seconds from entry 2242 01:32:44,070 --> 01:32:41,600 interface 2243 01:32:47,270 --> 01:32:44,080 programs is going about 5.2 kilometers 2244 01:32:49,830 --> 01:32:47,280 per second and is about 190 kilometers 2245 01:32:58,229 --> 01:32:49,840 altitude above the surface of mars 2246 01:33:04,870 --> 01:33:02,470 about seconds from entry interface 2247 01:33:05,990 --> 01:33:04,880 5.3 kilometers per second and an 2248 01:33:25,350 --> 01:33:06,000 altitude of 2249 01:33:29,510 --> 01:33:27,189 we have confirmation of 2250 01:33:32,550 --> 01:33:29,520 entry interface preservance is currently 2251 01:33:33,870 --> 01:33:32,560 going 5.3 kilometers per second at an 2252 01:33:45,030 --> 01:33:33,880 altitude of about 2253 01:33:49,030 --> 01:33:47,830 the secret is now waiting until it 2254 01:33:51,510 --> 01:33:49,040 begins 2255 01:33:54,310 --> 01:33:51,520 feeling the atmosphere 2256 01:33:56,790 --> 01:33:54,320 go down once there is enough atmosphere 2257 01:34:04,229 --> 01:33:56,800 it will start controlling its path to 2258 01:34:09,750 --> 01:34:06,870 navigation is also confirming that we 2259 01:34:11,350 --> 01:34:09,760 can see a little bit of that slowdown 2260 01:34:13,910 --> 01:34:11,360 of 2261 01:34:16,149 --> 01:34:13,920 the atmosphere on the perseverance entry 2262 01:34:20,070 --> 01:34:16,159 capsule 2263 01:34:21,990 --> 01:34:20,080 our current velocity is about 5.36 2264 01:34:23,750 --> 01:34:22,000 kilometers per second and an altitude of 2265 01:34:26,229 --> 01:34:23,760 about 67 2266 01:34:27,910 --> 01:34:26,239 kilometers from the surface 2267 01:34:39,030 --> 01:34:27,920 we are probably seeing mro plasma 2268 01:34:41,910 --> 01:34:40,629 the vehicle should be doing its turns 2269 01:34:45,030 --> 01:34:41,920 right now 2270 01:34:48,470 --> 01:34:45,040 cameron has lost luck 2271 01:34:51,430 --> 01:34:50,550 we have indications that perseverance is 2272 01:34:53,430 --> 01:34:51,440 now 2273 01:34:56,310 --> 01:34:53,440 performing bank reversals in the 2274 01:35:00,149 --> 01:34:56,320 atmosphere these are the steps in order 2275 01:35:01,669 --> 01:35:00,159 to control its distance to the landing 2276 01:35:03,910 --> 01:35:01,679 target 2277 01:35:06,070 --> 01:35:03,920 uh perseverance has just passed through 2278 01:35:09,669 --> 01:35:06,080 the point of maximum deceleration and 2279 01:35:10,709 --> 01:35:09,679 has indicated that it felt approximately 2280 01:35:13,470 --> 01:35:10,719 10 2281 01:35:17,350 --> 01:35:13,480 earth gs of deceleration 2282 01:35:21,910 --> 01:35:18,629 yes 2283 01:35:24,310 --> 01:35:21,920 we saw a small outage uh 2284 01:35:26,470 --> 01:35:24,320 of the uhf telemetry from mars 2285 01:35:27,750 --> 01:35:26,480 reconnaissance orbiter during that peak 2286 01:35:30,470 --> 01:35:27,760 heating phase 2287 01:35:32,149 --> 01:35:30,480 likely caused by the plasma blackout 2288 01:35:34,790 --> 01:35:32,159 perseverance is still continuing to 2289 01:35:36,629 --> 01:35:34,800 perform bank reversals in the atmosphere 2290 01:35:53,510 --> 01:35:36,639 to control 2291 01:35:57,430 --> 01:35:55,669 perseverance is going about one 2292 01:35:58,310 --> 01:35:57,440 kilometer per second 2293 01:36:00,550 --> 01:35:58,320 at 2294 01:36:02,470 --> 01:36:00,560 an altitude of about 16 kilometers from 2295 01:36:04,950 --> 01:36:02,480 the surface of mars 2296 01:36:07,189 --> 01:36:04,960 we have entered heading alignment 2297 01:36:09,189 --> 01:36:07,199 which means presidents is no longer 2298 01:36:10,550 --> 01:36:09,199 trying to control the distance to mars 2299 01:36:12,709 --> 01:36:10,560 but ends 2300 01:36:13,669 --> 01:36:12,719 to the target on mars but instead is 2301 01:36:23,990 --> 01:36:13,679 flying 2302 01:36:24,000 --> 01:36:46,470 periscope 2303 01:36:52,390 --> 01:36:49,790 our current velocity is about 2304 01:37:00,390 --> 01:36:52,400 550 meters per second and an altitude of 2305 01:37:00,400 --> 01:37:04,709 amaro is reporting good telemetry log 2306 01:37:09,270 --> 01:37:07,270 we are coming upon the straighten up 2307 01:37:10,709 --> 01:37:09,280 we are starting to straighten up and fly 2308 01:37:12,390 --> 01:37:10,719 right maneuver 2309 01:37:15,109 --> 01:37:12,400 where the spacecraft will jettison the 2310 01:37:17,109 --> 01:37:15,119 entry balance masses in preparation for 2311 01:37:18,629 --> 01:37:17,119 parachute deploy and to roll over to 2312 01:37:22,470 --> 01:37:18,639 give the radar a better look at the 2313 01:37:25,430 --> 01:37:23,270 yes 2314 01:37:27,189 --> 01:37:25,440 the navigation has confirmed that the 2315 01:37:29,430 --> 01:37:27,199 parachute has deployed and we are seeing 2316 01:37:31,510 --> 01:37:29,440 significant deceleration 2317 01:37:34,310 --> 01:37:31,520 in the velocity our current velocity is 2318 01:37:36,149 --> 01:37:34,320 450 meters per second at an altitude of 2319 01:37:47,189 --> 01:37:36,159 about 12 kilometers from the surface of 2320 01:37:50,950 --> 01:37:49,590 first advance is now slowed to subsonic 2321 01:37:53,350 --> 01:37:50,960 speeds and the heat shield has been 2322 01:37:55,030 --> 01:37:53,360 separated this allows 2323 01:37:57,350 --> 01:37:55,040 both the radar and the cameras to get 2324 01:38:00,310 --> 01:37:57,360 their first look at the surface current 2325 01:38:02,870 --> 01:38:00,320 velocity is 145 meters per second and an 2326 01:38:24,390 --> 01:38:02,880 altitude of about 10 km nine and a half 2327 01:38:24,400 --> 01:38:28,950 yes yes yes 2328 01:38:34,149 --> 01:38:31,350 now has radar lock on the ground current 2329 01:38:36,820 --> 01:38:34,159 velocity is about 100 meters per second 2330 01:38:40,950 --> 01:38:36,830 6.6 kilometers of the surface 2331 01:38:46,229 --> 01:38:42,950 perseverance is continuing to descend on 2332 01:38:48,070 --> 01:38:46,239 the parachute we are coming up on 2333 01:38:50,790 --> 01:38:48,080 the initialization of terrain relative 2334 01:38:52,149 --> 01:38:50,800 navigation and subsequently the priming 2335 01:38:55,350 --> 01:38:52,159 of the landing engines our current 2336 01:39:03,669 --> 01:38:55,360 velocity is about 90 meters per second 2337 01:39:06,709 --> 01:39:05,030 we have confirmation that the lander 2338 01:39:08,790 --> 01:39:06,719 vision system has produced a valid 2339 01:39:13,109 --> 01:39:08,800 solution and part of training relative 2340 01:39:13,119 --> 01:39:21,590 we have timing of the landing engines 2341 01:39:27,590 --> 01:39:24,550 current velocity is 83 meters per second 2342 01:39:29,590 --> 01:39:27,600 at about 2.6 kilometers from the surface 2343 01:39:31,350 --> 01:39:29,600 mars we have confirmation that the back 2344 01:39:33,030 --> 01:39:31,360 shell has separated 2345 01:39:35,510 --> 01:39:33,040 we are currently performing the divert 2346 01:39:37,830 --> 01:39:35,520 maneuver current velocity is about 75 2347 01:39:39,590 --> 01:39:37,840 meters per second at an altitude of 2348 01:39:40,950 --> 01:39:39,600 about a kilometer off the surface of 2349 01:39:43,910 --> 01:39:40,960 mars 2350 01:39:45,990 --> 01:39:43,920 here in safety bravo 2351 01:39:47,430 --> 01:39:46,000 we have completed our terrain relative 2352 01:39:48,950 --> 01:39:47,440 navigation 2353 01:39:50,950 --> 01:39:48,960 current speed is about 2354 01:40:02,470 --> 01:39:50,960 30 meters per second altitude of about 2355 01:40:06,709 --> 01:40:04,790 we have started our constant velocity 2356 01:40:08,629 --> 01:40:06,719 accordion which means we are conducting 2357 01:40:10,950 --> 01:40:08,639 the sky crane 2358 01:40:14,390 --> 01:40:10,960 about to conduct the cycling maneuver 2359 01:40:15,910 --> 01:40:14,400 we've lost direct to earth to tones 2360 01:40:21,189 --> 01:40:15,920 as expected 2361 01:40:21,199 --> 01:40:31,750 about 20 meters off the surface 2362 01:40:31,760 --> 01:40:43,370 we're getting signals from mro 2363 01:40:52,200 --> 01:40:45,610 [Music] 2364 01:40:55,970 --> 01:40:52,660 [Applause] 2365 01:41:01,270 --> 01:40:55,980 [Music] 2366 01:41:05,910 --> 01:41:02,149 since 2367 01:41:07,189 --> 01:41:05,920 perseverance is continuing to transmit 2368 01:41:11,580 --> 01:41:07,199 direct 2369 01:41:22,390 --> 01:41:11,590 through marzipan orbiter to earth 2370 01:41:24,709 --> 01:41:22,400 [Applause] 2371 01:41:28,550 --> 01:41:24,719 oh my god 2372 01:41:35,189 --> 01:41:30,790 my gosh still getting telemetry from the 2373 01:41:39,189 --> 01:41:37,750 all right all stations 2374 01:41:41,830 --> 01:41:39,199 we got it 2375 01:41:44,229 --> 01:41:41,840 we're gonna wait for the images 2376 01:41:46,709 --> 01:41:44,239 wow this is so exciting 2377 01:41:49,030 --> 01:41:46,719 the team is beside themselves 2378 01:42:06,870 --> 01:41:49,040 it's so surreal stay tuned we might get 2379 01:42:06,880 --> 01:42:12,470 so much has been riding on this 2380 01:42:17,750 --> 01:42:14,870 yet we just heard the news that 2381 01:42:21,590 --> 01:42:17,760 perseverance is alive on the surface of 2382 01:42:24,390 --> 01:42:23,350 it's not uh 2383 01:42:25,910 --> 01:42:24,400 flight 2384 01:42:28,310 --> 01:42:25,920 despite we have seen the completion of 2385 01:42:39,510 --> 01:42:28,320 edl 3000 2386 01:42:44,450 --> 01:42:41,109 amarillo is still seeing a strong signal 2387 01:42:44,460 --> 01:42:56,950 [Applause] 2388 01:43:01,350 --> 01:42:58,310 we have just heard the news that 2389 01:43:04,870 --> 01:43:01,360 perseverance is alive on the surface of 2390 01:43:06,070 --> 01:43:04,880 mars congratulations to the mission 2391 01:43:07,590 --> 01:43:06,080 and 2392 01:43:11,109 --> 01:43:07,600 looks like we have some more news in it 2393 01:43:16,870 --> 01:43:11,119 looks like we're getting the first image 2394 01:43:22,830 --> 01:43:20,070 this is ol3 i have 2395 01:43:47,430 --> 01:43:22,840 the target point on the map when you are 2396 01:44:00,149 --> 01:43:50,229 flight i'll be uh moving in showing you 2397 01:44:04,629 --> 01:44:02,229 the team has just put the first image 2398 01:44:06,709 --> 01:44:04,639 from perseverance on the surface of mars 2399 01:44:09,910 --> 01:44:06,719 now it comes from the engineering 2400 01:44:11,990 --> 01:44:09,920 cameras known as the hazard camera this 2401 01:44:14,709 --> 01:44:12,000 camera is mainly used to help the rover 2402 01:44:16,790 --> 01:44:14,719 drive safely around mars and we will get 2403 01:44:27,990 --> 01:44:16,800 higher resolution photos later in the 2404 01:44:28,000 --> 01:44:46,709 this is amazing 2405 01:44:46,719 --> 01:44:54,400 stand by for steve 2406 01:45:05,510 --> 01:45:00,270 [Music] 2407 01:45:05,520 --> 01:45:32,070 you did you led the team 2408 01:45:36,629 --> 01:45:34,790 we just got our second image in 2409 01:45:39,030 --> 01:45:36,639 our second image 2410 01:45:40,870 --> 01:45:39,040 is in 2411 01:45:42,950 --> 01:45:40,880 okay this these these we have a camera 2412 01:45:45,750 --> 01:45:42,960 in the front and out rear the the 2413 01:45:46,870 --> 01:45:45,760 spacecraft uh it's uh it's it's they're 2414 01:45:49,030 --> 01:45:46,880 near the ground so these are pretty 2415 01:45:51,030 --> 01:45:49,040 close you can see the wheels there uh 2416 01:45:53,109 --> 01:45:51,040 and and and they're a little dirty 2417 01:45:55,830 --> 01:45:53,119 because you've got glass covers over 2418 01:45:57,510 --> 01:45:55,840 these these cameras but uh we took these 2419 01:45:58,950 --> 01:45:57,520 seconds after landing so so there's 2420 01:46:03,030 --> 01:45:58,960 still dust in the air from our landing 2421 01:46:04,950 --> 01:46:03,040 event uh so this is this is happening um 2422 01:46:06,149 --> 01:46:04,960 you know this happened just seconds ago 2423 01:46:06,950 --> 01:46:06,159 just arrived 2424 01:46:09,750 --> 01:46:06,960 and 2425 01:46:11,990 --> 01:46:09,760 this is really amazing 2426 01:46:13,430 --> 01:46:12,000 and uh we even know where we landed this 2427 01:46:15,430 --> 01:46:13,440 is the most amazing thing the vehicle 2428 01:46:17,910 --> 01:46:15,440 has told us where it's landed because 2429 01:46:20,950 --> 01:46:17,920 figured it out you know this is a sign 2430 01:46:22,870 --> 01:46:20,960 nasa works nasa works and when we put 2431 01:46:24,390 --> 01:46:22,880 our arms together and our hands together 2432 01:46:26,870 --> 01:46:24,400 and our brains together 2433 01:46:29,270 --> 01:46:26,880 we can succeed this is what nasa does 2434 01:46:31,189 --> 01:46:29,280 this is what we can do as a country on 2435 01:46:33,189 --> 01:46:31,199 all of the problems we we have we need 2436 01:46:43,760 --> 01:46:33,199 to work together to do these kinds of 2437 01:46:47,669 --> 01:46:45,830 [Music] 2438 01:46:50,229 --> 01:46:47,679 joining us now 2439 01:46:52,870 --> 01:46:50,239 is the acting administrator of nasa 2440 01:46:55,109 --> 01:46:52,880 steve jurisic steve welcome and 2441 01:46:58,470 --> 01:46:55,119 congratulations 2442 01:47:01,030 --> 01:46:58,480 hey thank you what an amazing day 2443 01:47:02,310 --> 01:47:01,040 how does it feel to have another rover 2444 01:47:04,629 --> 01:47:02,320 on mars 2445 01:47:07,510 --> 01:47:04,639 uh it's amazing um 2446 01:47:09,189 --> 01:47:07,520 uh to have perseverance join curiosity 2447 01:47:11,669 --> 01:47:09,199 on mars and 2448 01:47:13,990 --> 01:47:11,679 what what a just a credit to the team i 2449 01:47:14,870 --> 01:47:14,000 mean just what an amazing team 2450 01:47:18,070 --> 01:47:14,880 um 2451 01:47:19,830 --> 01:47:18,080 to work through all the adversity 2452 01:47:22,950 --> 01:47:19,840 that goes and all the challenges that go 2453 01:47:26,149 --> 01:47:22,960 with landing a rover on mars plus the 2454 01:47:27,990 --> 01:47:26,159 challenges of covid and um and just an 2455 01:47:28,790 --> 01:47:28,000 amazing accomplishment 2456 01:47:32,629 --> 01:47:28,800 and 2457 01:47:34,790 --> 01:47:32,639 future plans 2458 01:47:37,830 --> 01:47:34,800 so for robotic exploration know every 2459 01:47:40,550 --> 01:47:37,840 time we uh execute a mission with new 2460 01:47:42,149 --> 01:47:40,560 instruments we discover new things and 2461 01:47:44,390 --> 01:47:42,159 things we never thought we would 2462 01:47:46,390 --> 01:47:44,400 discover so that's that always informs 2463 01:47:49,669 --> 01:47:46,400 our future robotic missions 2464 01:47:52,629 --> 01:47:49,679 both landers rovers and orbiters 2465 01:47:54,550 --> 01:47:52,639 this mission also has technology on it 2466 01:47:58,149 --> 01:47:54,560 one of the cool things is the ingenuity 2467 01:48:00,310 --> 01:47:58,159 helicopter um it's an experiment on this 2468 01:48:02,470 --> 01:48:00,320 mission but if it's successful we can 2469 01:48:03,830 --> 01:48:02,480 use it as an observation science 2470 01:48:06,149 --> 01:48:03,840 observation platform by putting 2471 01:48:07,510 --> 01:48:06,159 instruments on it and also use it as a 2472 01:48:10,070 --> 01:48:07,520 scout 2473 01:48:12,310 --> 01:48:10,080 for future rover missions 2474 01:48:15,669 --> 01:48:12,320 and uh and then just the entry center 2475 01:48:16,790 --> 01:48:15,679 landing um capability um it'll allow us 2476 01:48:19,669 --> 01:48:16,800 to land 2477 01:48:21,750 --> 01:48:19,679 more and more larger more ambitious 2478 01:48:23,910 --> 01:48:21,760 robots on the surface of mars and then 2479 01:48:26,950 --> 01:48:23,920 for human exploration 2480 01:48:28,550 --> 01:48:26,960 um we have the medley 2481 01:48:30,070 --> 01:48:28,560 mars intercept landing instrumentation 2482 01:48:31,510 --> 01:48:30,080 which is going to give us edl 2483 01:48:33,910 --> 01:48:31,520 information 2484 01:48:36,709 --> 01:48:33,920 we have the mars environmental dynamics 2485 01:48:39,030 --> 01:48:36,719 analyzer it's going to give us uh 2486 01:48:40,709 --> 01:48:39,040 properties size and properties of dust 2487 01:48:41,830 --> 01:48:40,719 particles because when we send people 2488 01:48:43,510 --> 01:48:41,840 we're going to have to deal with that 2489 01:48:45,270 --> 01:48:43,520 dust 2490 01:48:46,709 --> 01:48:45,280 and just it's just this is just an 2491 01:48:49,430 --> 01:48:46,719 incredible mission because of the 2492 01:48:51,590 --> 01:48:49,440 science and the technology and then 2493 01:48:52,470 --> 01:48:51,600 caching samples for a mars sample return 2494 01:48:57,910 --> 01:48:52,480 mission 2495 01:48:59,430 --> 01:48:57,920 first round trip to mars and back and 2496 01:49:01,590 --> 01:48:59,440 bringing the samples cached by 2497 01:49:04,070 --> 01:49:01,600 perseverance back to earth to 2498 01:49:05,590 --> 01:49:04,080 examine with state-of-the-art 2499 01:49:06,950 --> 01:49:05,600 equipment in our laboratories here on 2500 01:49:09,750 --> 01:49:06,960 earth 2501 01:49:11,910 --> 01:49:09,760 we have so much to look forward to 2502 01:49:16,550 --> 01:49:11,920 and we also have a student question 2503 01:49:21,589 --> 01:49:18,709 hi my name is landon applegate i'm in 2504 01:49:24,149 --> 01:49:21,599 sixth grade and i'm going to academy for 2505 01:49:26,229 --> 01:49:24,159 academic excellence and my question is 2506 01:49:28,550 --> 01:49:26,239 do you think we could get resources from 2507 01:49:31,830 --> 01:49:28,560 mars to help on future missions or even 2508 01:49:34,149 --> 01:49:31,840 as like a launching point 2509 01:49:36,629 --> 01:49:34,159 great question land and actually we have 2510 01:49:37,669 --> 01:49:36,639 an experiment called the mox the mars 2511 01:49:39,990 --> 01:49:37,679 oxygen 2512 01:49:42,790 --> 01:49:40,000 in situ resource utilization experiment 2513 01:49:46,709 --> 01:49:42,800 or moxie and it's going to demonstrate 2514 01:49:49,830 --> 01:49:46,719 generating oxygen from atmospheric co2 2515 01:49:51,990 --> 01:49:49,840 and that could help generate you know 2516 01:49:54,470 --> 01:49:52,000 generate breathable oxygen and even if 2517 01:49:56,950 --> 01:49:54,480 we can liquefy it oxidizer for 2518 01:49:59,109 --> 01:49:56,960 propulsion systems so that's a tech demo 2519 01:50:01,270 --> 01:49:59,119 on perseverance and then we're going to 2520 01:50:05,589 --> 01:50:01,280 continue to characterize the frozen 2521 01:50:07,430 --> 01:50:05,599 water on and below the surface of mars 2522 01:50:09,990 --> 01:50:07,440 and eventually try to figure out how to 2523 01:50:12,310 --> 01:50:10,000 extract that water from the martian soil 2524 01:50:15,030 --> 01:50:12,320 or we call regolith and then we can use 2525 01:50:17,750 --> 01:50:15,040 that for potable water and also break it 2526 01:50:20,070 --> 01:50:17,760 down into oxygen and hydrogen for rocket 2527 01:50:21,990 --> 01:50:20,080 fuel so absolutely we're going to try to 2528 01:50:24,310 --> 01:50:22,000 eventually figure out how to live off 2529 01:50:25,589 --> 01:50:24,320 the land to support human missions to 2530 01:50:27,109 --> 01:50:25,599 mars 2531 01:50:28,310 --> 01:50:27,119 thanks for taking the time to talk to us 2532 01:50:29,750 --> 01:50:28,320 today steve 2533 01:50:33,109 --> 01:50:29,760 thank you 2534 01:50:35,270 --> 01:50:33,119 and now that perseverance has safely 2535 01:50:37,669 --> 01:50:35,280 touched down on mars let's learn more 2536 01:50:40,550 --> 01:50:37,679 about what's in store for the rover 2537 01:50:43,430 --> 01:50:40,560 joining us now is surface mission 2538 01:50:45,990 --> 01:50:43,440 manager jessica samuels 2539 01:50:47,830 --> 01:50:46,000 jessica your surface operations team has 2540 01:50:51,109 --> 01:50:47,840 now taken over 2541 01:50:53,990 --> 01:50:51,119 what are they doing now yes hi raquel we 2542 01:50:56,790 --> 01:50:54,000 are so excited here in the surface 2543 01:50:58,870 --> 01:50:56,800 mission support area uh 2544 01:51:01,910 --> 01:50:58,880 the team will do a handover with the 2545 01:51:04,709 --> 01:51:01,920 entry descent and landing team and 2546 01:51:06,790 --> 01:51:04,719 pass any critical information and then 2547 01:51:08,790 --> 01:51:06,800 this team behind us will be the team 2548 01:51:11,510 --> 01:51:08,800 that does the health and safety 2549 01:51:12,470 --> 01:51:11,520 assessments daily as we progress on this 2550 01:51:15,189 --> 01:51:12,480 mission 2551 01:51:16,550 --> 01:51:15,199 and what do the upcoming weeks look like 2552 01:51:19,910 --> 01:51:16,560 for your team 2553 01:51:22,390 --> 01:51:19,920 so as we enter mars time now 2554 01:51:24,870 --> 01:51:22,400 the commanding team will be working 2555 01:51:27,910 --> 01:51:24,880 overnight while the rover is asleep so 2556 01:51:30,070 --> 01:51:27,920 that we can perform the initial 2557 01:51:32,149 --> 01:51:30,080 checkouts of our key rover functions and 2558 01:51:34,790 --> 01:51:32,159 our science instruments and we have to 2559 01:51:36,950 --> 01:51:34,800 do this all in time for the regularly 2560 01:51:39,270 --> 01:51:36,960 scheduled communication pass which 2561 01:51:41,270 --> 01:51:39,280 happens in the morning and so we will be 2562 01:51:44,390 --> 01:51:41,280 working around the clock 2563 01:51:45,350 --> 01:51:44,400 making sure that perseverance is healthy 2564 01:51:47,910 --> 01:51:45,360 and 2565 01:51:50,229 --> 01:51:47,920 we will begin this exciting adventure 2566 01:51:52,550 --> 01:51:50,239 and can you tell me what's it like 2567 01:51:54,229 --> 01:51:52,560 living on mars time 2568 01:51:56,470 --> 01:51:54,239 it's uh it's a little bit like 2569 01:51:59,510 --> 01:51:56,480 constantly uh you know flying and 2570 01:52:01,910 --> 01:51:59,520 changing your time zone uh the rover 2571 01:52:03,669 --> 01:52:01,920 um you know on earth the rover wakes up 2572 01:52:05,990 --> 01:52:03,679 at the same time every day but on earth 2573 01:52:07,990 --> 01:52:06,000 that's 40 minutes later so the team is 2574 01:52:10,149 --> 01:52:08,000 going to be shifting our work schedule 2575 01:52:11,750 --> 01:52:10,159 by 40 minutes as we come into work over 2576 01:52:15,430 --> 01:52:11,760 the next few weeks 2577 01:52:18,950 --> 01:52:15,440 so it'll be uh it'll be exciting and uh 2578 01:52:21,669 --> 01:52:18,960 and some uh some late late nights but uh 2579 01:52:24,629 --> 01:52:21,679 but we're also excited and uh we can't 2580 01:52:27,750 --> 01:52:24,639 wait it's a whole new lifestyle yes 2581 01:52:31,589 --> 01:52:27,760 we also have a student question for you 2582 01:52:33,589 --> 01:52:31,599 this is sophia's video 2583 01:52:36,229 --> 01:52:33,599 hi my name is sophia lopez and my 2584 01:52:38,790 --> 01:52:36,239 question for nasa is how's perseverance 2585 01:52:40,870 --> 01:52:38,800 going to survive and here's a drawing 2586 01:52:42,830 --> 01:52:40,880 that i made from perseverance thinking 2587 01:52:47,270 --> 01:52:42,840 about earth thank 2588 01:52:49,910 --> 01:52:47,280 you well sofia perseverance survives um 2589 01:52:52,310 --> 01:52:49,920 with a power source um that charges its 2590 01:52:55,430 --> 01:52:52,320 batteries uh overnight while it sleeps 2591 01:52:57,350 --> 01:52:55,440 and it keeps heaters uh on so that all 2592 01:53:00,310 --> 01:52:57,360 of our critical electronics can stay 2593 01:53:01,189 --> 01:53:00,320 warm as well as our mechanism but it's 2594 01:53:03,109 --> 01:53:01,199 really 2595 01:53:05,510 --> 01:53:03,119 survived by the team 2596 01:53:07,830 --> 01:53:05,520 that performs the health and safety 2597 01:53:09,270 --> 01:53:07,840 assessments every day and communicates 2598 01:53:10,870 --> 01:53:09,280 with the rover 2599 01:53:13,510 --> 01:53:10,880 and makes sure that 2600 01:53:15,589 --> 01:53:13,520 she's she's doing okay 2601 01:53:18,070 --> 01:53:15,599 well thanks for your time jessica and 2602 01:53:20,310 --> 01:53:18,080 good luck living on mars time thank you 2603 01:53:22,629 --> 01:53:20,320 should be fun 2604 01:53:29,589 --> 01:53:22,639 let's head back to marina as she gives 2605 01:53:34,950 --> 01:53:32,070 thanks so much raquel it's definitely 2606 01:53:37,669 --> 01:53:34,960 bustling behind me is not quiet like it 2607 01:53:39,669 --> 01:53:37,679 was just 20 minutes ago and congrats to 2608 01:53:41,910 --> 01:53:39,679 the whole team what an amazing 2609 01:53:44,470 --> 01:53:41,920 accomplishment mike watkins is the 2610 01:53:46,790 --> 01:53:44,480 director of nasa's jet propulsion 2611 01:53:49,430 --> 01:53:46,800 laboratory he was the mission manager 2612 01:53:52,149 --> 01:53:49,440 during the curiosity rover landing on 2613 01:53:54,629 --> 01:53:52,159 mars welcome mike 2614 01:53:57,510 --> 01:53:54,639 oh thanks glad to be here you can see 2615 01:53:59,109 --> 01:53:57,520 all my mask markings 2616 01:54:01,430 --> 01:53:59,119 well you were just celebrating and 2617 01:54:03,669 --> 01:54:01,440 rightly so now you've been around for a 2618 01:54:05,589 --> 01:54:03,679 number of mars landings what makes this 2619 01:54:07,510 --> 01:54:05,599 one special 2620 01:54:09,030 --> 01:54:07,520 well you know two things i mean it's the 2621 01:54:11,109 --> 01:54:09,040 biggest and best rover we've ever sent 2622 01:54:12,790 --> 01:54:11,119 to mars um and and it can really you 2623 01:54:14,390 --> 01:54:12,800 know do amazing things in terms of you 2624 01:54:16,149 --> 01:54:14,400 know its own scientific exploration of 2625 01:54:17,270 --> 01:54:16,159 this habitable environment you know at 2626 01:54:18,950 --> 01:54:17,280 jezreel 2627 01:54:20,149 --> 01:54:18,960 but you know it's also as as as you've 2628 01:54:22,229 --> 01:54:20,159 heard today you know it's the first step 2629 01:54:23,589 --> 01:54:22,239 in march sample return so really you 2630 01:54:25,589 --> 01:54:23,599 know it's it's not only doing its own 2631 01:54:27,030 --> 01:54:25,599 mission it's setting us up for a series 2632 01:54:28,790 --> 01:54:27,040 of missions and to bring those samples 2633 01:54:30,790 --> 01:54:28,800 back and you know a lot of the effort to 2634 01:54:32,310 --> 01:54:30,800 develop the rover was specifically 2635 01:54:33,589 --> 01:54:32,320 designed you know for that sampling and 2636 01:54:36,149 --> 01:54:33,599 caching system it's one of the most 2637 01:54:37,669 --> 01:54:36,159 complex robotic systems ever made and 2638 01:54:39,669 --> 01:54:37,679 you know having it down safely means 2639 01:54:43,270 --> 01:54:39,679 mars sample return continues right on 2640 01:54:45,990 --> 01:54:43,280 course and and and we are moving forward 2641 01:54:48,550 --> 01:54:46,000 wonderful now jpl has a long history 2642 01:54:50,550 --> 01:54:48,560 with robotic space exploration why do 2643 01:54:53,510 --> 01:54:50,560 you think it's so important to continue 2644 01:54:54,790 --> 01:54:53,520 to push those boundaries 2645 01:54:56,870 --> 01:54:54,800 you know there's a lot of reasons i mean 2646 01:54:58,870 --> 01:54:56,880 obviously you know for for places that 2647 01:55:01,510 --> 01:54:58,880 are far away like mars and even farther 2648 01:55:03,270 --> 01:55:01,520 away uh you know like europa uh right 2649 01:55:04,709 --> 01:55:03,280 now robots are the robotic expressions 2650 01:55:06,070 --> 01:55:04,719 the only way we can make those 2651 01:55:08,470 --> 01:55:06,080 scientific discoveries and really 2652 01:55:09,990 --> 01:55:08,480 understand these early uh habitable 2653 01:55:11,910 --> 01:55:10,000 environments in the case of europa maybe 2654 01:55:13,669 --> 01:55:11,920 it's even still habitable and you know 2655 01:55:15,750 --> 01:55:13,679 we're not ready to to go there with 2656 01:55:17,589 --> 01:55:15,760 astronauts yet uh but the robots are 2657 01:55:20,229 --> 01:55:17,599 ready to go there and so we always uh 2658 01:55:22,310 --> 01:55:20,239 you know our forerunners and pathfinders 2659 01:55:25,030 --> 01:55:22,320 of of of human exploration and we start 2660 01:55:27,589 --> 01:55:25,040 by sending you know our eyes and and 2661 01:55:29,270 --> 01:55:27,599 arms there in the form of a robot and it 2662 01:55:31,350 --> 01:55:29,280 is just fantastic to be able to do that 2663 01:55:32,709 --> 01:55:31,360 and to learn from each rover learn from 2664 01:55:34,390 --> 01:55:32,719 the science and the engineering and make 2665 01:55:36,070 --> 01:55:34,400 the next one better and make more and 2666 01:55:37,830 --> 01:55:36,080 more discoveries and every time we do 2667 01:55:39,910 --> 01:55:37,840 one of these missions we make fabulous 2668 01:55:43,270 --> 01:55:39,920 discoveries and uh and you know each one 2669 01:55:45,270 --> 01:55:43,280 is more exciting than the last 2670 01:55:47,430 --> 01:55:45,280 the future does look exciting now as 2671 01:55:50,229 --> 01:55:47,440 director of jpl what would you like to 2672 01:55:52,070 --> 01:55:50,239 say to those teams right now celebrating 2673 01:55:54,310 --> 01:55:52,080 oh you know obviously they they have 2674 01:55:56,229 --> 01:55:54,320 earned it let me tell you i mean they uh 2675 01:55:57,589 --> 01:55:56,239 have worked you know for years and years 2676 01:55:59,430 --> 01:55:57,599 on this mission and then in the past 2677 01:56:01,030 --> 01:55:59,440 year of course we had the covet 2678 01:56:02,790 --> 01:56:01,040 experience and and you know i want to 2679 01:56:04,709 --> 01:56:02,800 thank not only the team but also you 2680 01:56:07,510 --> 01:56:04,719 know all of jpl you know a lot of folks 2681 01:56:09,430 --> 01:56:07,520 had to had uh had to pitch in here you 2682 01:56:11,510 --> 01:56:09,440 know in terms of making sure our remote 2683 01:56:13,350 --> 01:56:11,520 telework you know our it systems were 2684 01:56:14,950 --> 01:56:13,360 good enough to to support folks working 2685 01:56:16,950 --> 01:56:14,960 from home you know all of the folks 2686 01:56:19,189 --> 01:56:16,960 looking at at ppe and our safe 2687 01:56:21,510 --> 01:56:19,199 distancing and reconfiguring facilities 2688 01:56:23,510 --> 01:56:21,520 uh to make them safe for the employees 2689 01:56:25,109 --> 01:56:23,520 um it's just an incredible amount of 2690 01:56:27,510 --> 01:56:25,119 work by the entire lab and of course 2691 01:56:29,430 --> 01:56:27,520 especially by this team and uh you know 2692 01:56:31,990 --> 01:56:29,440 and in one sense you know the seven 2693 01:56:33,430 --> 01:56:32,000 minutes of terror are very exciting uh 2694 01:56:35,430 --> 01:56:33,440 but on the other hand you know the 2695 01:56:36,790 --> 01:56:35,440 missions just started right we built the 2696 01:56:38,790 --> 01:56:36,800 mission you know not to land but 2697 01:56:41,030 --> 01:56:38,800 actually to drive and get the samples 2698 01:56:43,830 --> 01:56:41,040 and do other uh technology um you know 2699 01:56:45,910 --> 01:56:43,840 demonstrations and so you know for 2700 01:56:47,910 --> 01:56:45,920 much of the team you know uh this part 2701 01:56:49,669 --> 01:56:47,920 of the mission is over but but for most 2702 01:56:51,350 --> 01:56:49,679 of the team the mission's really just 2703 01:56:53,030 --> 01:56:51,360 starting and so uh you know i think 2704 01:56:55,430 --> 01:56:53,040 they're very excited but uh you know 2705 01:56:57,109 --> 01:56:55,440 everybody i think can take a big uh a 2706 01:56:59,669 --> 01:56:57,119 deep breath and a sigh of relief now 2707 01:57:01,990 --> 01:56:59,679 that we are safely down on the surface 2708 01:57:04,149 --> 01:57:02,000 yes that collective sigh of relief and i 2709 01:57:06,310 --> 01:57:04,159 hear a lot of excitement and celebration 2710 01:57:08,149 --> 01:57:06,320 behind me as well so thanks so much for 2711 01:57:09,910 --> 01:57:08,159 joining me mike it's my pleasure and 2712 01:57:12,070 --> 01:57:09,920 thanks to everyone for joining us too 2713 01:57:14,149 --> 01:57:12,080 congrats again to the mars 2020 2714 01:57:16,870 --> 01:57:14,159 perseverance team for a successful 2715 01:57:20,149 --> 01:57:16,880 landing back to you raquel 2716 01:57:23,990 --> 01:57:20,159 now there will be a flight test coming 2717 01:57:25,750 --> 01:57:24,000 up for the ingenuity mars helicopter and 2718 01:57:28,310 --> 01:57:25,760 if this technology experiment is 2719 01:57:31,270 --> 01:57:28,320 successful it would mark the first time 2720 01:57:34,390 --> 01:57:31,280 we have taken a power controlled flight 2721 01:57:38,709 --> 01:57:36,629 sometimes you have to do something just 2722 01:57:40,629 --> 01:57:38,719 to show that you can do it 2723 01:57:42,550 --> 01:57:40,639 when the wright brothers flew for the 2724 01:57:43,750 --> 01:57:42,560 first time they do an experimental 2725 01:57:45,990 --> 01:57:43,760 aircraft 2726 01:57:47,910 --> 01:57:46,000 and in the same way the mars helicopter 2727 01:57:49,830 --> 01:57:47,920 is designed to show that we can fly 2728 01:57:57,830 --> 01:57:49,840 power and helicopter flight in the 2729 01:58:02,950 --> 01:58:00,390 from day one this was the unwavering 2730 01:58:04,870 --> 01:58:02,960 dream of our team to get our helicopter 2731 01:58:06,950 --> 01:58:04,880 launched to mars 2732 01:58:09,669 --> 01:58:06,960 so that we can get the opportunity to do 2733 01:58:12,229 --> 01:58:09,679 the very first rotograph flight test 2734 01:58:14,790 --> 01:58:12,239 in the actual environment of mars 2735 01:58:16,870 --> 01:58:14,800 it's extremely difficult to fly 2736 01:58:18,149 --> 01:58:16,880 at mars because atmosphere is so thin 2737 01:58:20,629 --> 01:58:18,159 compared to earth 2738 01:58:22,870 --> 01:58:20,639 at mars is less than one percent so the 2739 01:58:24,870 --> 01:58:22,880 first and foremost challenge is to make 2740 01:58:26,950 --> 01:58:24,880 a vehicle that's light enough to be 2741 01:58:28,950 --> 01:58:26,960 lifted and then the second is to 2742 01:58:33,109 --> 01:58:28,960 generate lift the rotor system has to 2743 01:58:37,589 --> 01:58:35,669 hundred fast six hundred we're spending 2744 01:58:39,270 --> 01:58:37,599 between two thousand and three thousand 2745 01:58:42,149 --> 01:58:39,280 revolutions per minute and it takes a 2746 01:58:43,750 --> 01:58:42,159 lot of energy so it's that balance of a 2747 01:58:44,629 --> 01:58:43,760 very light system 2748 01:58:47,270 --> 01:58:44,639 yet 2749 01:58:49,669 --> 01:58:47,280 having enough energy that's needed to 2750 01:58:52,390 --> 01:58:49,679 you know spin the rotor so fast to lift 2751 01:58:54,149 --> 01:58:52,400 and on top of it having to design in the 2752 01:58:55,830 --> 01:58:54,159 autonomy 2753 01:58:57,910 --> 01:58:55,840 it has to be fully autonomous from the 2754 01:58:59,589 --> 01:58:57,920 time it takes off the time it lands what 2755 01:59:02,149 --> 01:58:59,599 we do do on the ground is we plan the 2756 01:59:05,990 --> 01:59:02,159 flights and so we determine from here 2757 01:59:09,990 --> 01:59:06,000 where we want the helicopter to go 2758 01:59:11,990 --> 01:59:10,000 our experiment window is 30 martian days 2759 01:59:13,510 --> 01:59:12,000 so we have planned 2760 01:59:16,790 --> 01:59:13,520 up to five flights 2761 01:59:18,709 --> 01:59:16,800 of incremental difficulty very first 2762 01:59:21,270 --> 01:59:18,719 flight the main thing is we want to get 2763 01:59:22,709 --> 01:59:21,280 the legs off the ground and so we will 2764 01:59:24,310 --> 01:59:22,719 basically go up 2765 01:59:25,830 --> 01:59:24,320 about three meters 2766 01:59:27,750 --> 01:59:25,840 and we'll hover there 2767 01:59:30,070 --> 01:59:27,760 and then we'll come down again and that 2768 01:59:31,270 --> 01:59:30,080 will be the first you know really major 2769 01:59:32,709 --> 01:59:31,280 milestone 2770 01:59:34,709 --> 01:59:32,719 most of our flights will be at the three 2771 01:59:36,629 --> 01:59:34,719 to five meter height we will be going 2772 01:59:39,109 --> 01:59:36,639 horizontally again at a few meters per 2773 01:59:41,109 --> 01:59:39,119 second probably go out you know 50 70 2774 01:59:42,870 --> 01:59:41,119 liters and come back in successive 2775 01:59:44,950 --> 01:59:42,880 flights we'll probably push that further 2776 01:59:47,270 --> 01:59:44,960 try to go further so our priority will 2777 01:59:49,270 --> 01:59:47,280 be to get back engineering telemetry and 2778 01:59:50,790 --> 01:59:49,280 not so much images but i'm sure they'll 2779 01:59:53,270 --> 01:59:50,800 return a few you know because they'll 2780 01:59:55,990 --> 01:59:53,280 always look cool 2781 01:59:58,470 --> 01:59:56,000 at this point we've tested all we can on 2782 02:00:00,310 --> 01:59:58,480 earth we have mathematical models that 2783 02:00:02,950 --> 02:00:00,320 shows how it will fly at mars and we've 2784 02:00:04,870 --> 02:00:02,960 tested it in the simulated environment 2785 02:00:07,109 --> 02:00:04,880 that we can create on earth 2786 02:00:09,430 --> 02:00:07,119 it really is time now to 2787 02:00:11,589 --> 02:00:09,440 do the real flood types at mars 2788 02:00:13,589 --> 02:00:11,599 nothing is a given but we have done 2789 02:00:15,350 --> 02:00:13,599 everything we can in terms of a test 2790 02:00:17,189 --> 02:00:15,360 program here on earth the vehicle is 2791 02:00:19,109 --> 02:00:17,199 performing extremely well so far it's 2792 02:00:20,550 --> 02:00:19,119 been doing exactly the right thing even 2793 02:00:22,629 --> 02:00:20,560 right now and it's bolted onto the 2794 02:00:24,629 --> 02:00:22,639 perseverance rover so there's a very 2795 02:00:26,629 --> 02:00:24,639 good chance that we'll pull it off yes 2796 02:00:27,750 --> 02:00:26,639 but it's still high risk 2797 02:00:29,510 --> 02:00:27,760 and 2798 02:00:31,510 --> 02:00:29,520 none of us forget that you could have a 2799 02:00:33,189 --> 02:00:31,520 glitch that you know 2800 02:00:36,390 --> 02:00:33,199 could be an end of mission yes it's 2801 02:00:40,470 --> 02:00:36,400 going to be exciting reacting to any 2802 02:00:42,229 --> 02:00:40,480 surprises we have we can't wait 2803 02:00:44,550 --> 02:00:42,239 what's really most important is 2804 02:00:47,030 --> 02:00:44,560 everything we're learning here is for 2805 02:00:53,430 --> 02:00:47,040 the future rotograph systems that we 2806 02:00:58,470 --> 02:00:55,589 mimi ong is the project manager for 2807 02:01:01,109 --> 02:00:58,480 ingenuity she joins us now as they await 2808 02:01:04,229 --> 02:01:01,119 a chance to check out their helicopter 2809 02:01:05,750 --> 02:01:04,239 in the coming days welcome mimi 2810 02:01:07,189 --> 02:01:05,760 thank you marina 2811 02:01:09,510 --> 02:01:07,199 oh my goodness we've been talking about 2812 02:01:10,790 --> 02:01:09,520 this for months mimi did you ever think 2813 02:01:13,270 --> 02:01:10,800 you'd be here at this point i mean 2814 02:01:16,070 --> 02:01:13,280 what's going on in your head right now 2815 02:01:18,550 --> 02:01:16,080 this is super exciting now we have been 2816 02:01:19,669 --> 02:01:18,560 working on mars helicopter for over six 2817 02:01:21,830 --> 02:01:19,679 years 2818 02:01:23,589 --> 02:01:21,840 testing and carefully designing it for 2819 02:01:25,030 --> 02:01:23,599 operation at mars so what's going 2820 02:01:28,390 --> 02:01:25,040 through my mind 2821 02:01:32,790 --> 02:01:28,400 ingenuity mars helicopter is finally at 2822 02:01:35,270 --> 02:01:32,800 the destination that it is designed for 2823 02:01:37,189 --> 02:01:35,280 now that ingenuity is on mars what is 2824 02:01:39,350 --> 02:01:37,199 the timeline you hope to accomplish as 2825 02:01:41,430 --> 02:01:39,360 you move forward 2826 02:01:43,669 --> 02:01:41,440 we have a series of major milestones 2827 02:01:46,149 --> 02:01:43,679 between now and ingenuity's first flight 2828 02:01:47,910 --> 02:01:46,159 so tomorrow we'll turn on the helicopter 2829 02:01:50,149 --> 02:01:47,920 and the space station could confirm 2830 02:01:52,149 --> 02:01:50,159 health after experiencing the dynamics 2831 02:01:54,229 --> 02:01:52,159 through the edl just now 2832 02:01:56,550 --> 02:01:54,239 and the next major milestone will be 2833 02:01:58,790 --> 02:01:56,560 when the rover deploys the helicopter to 2834 02:02:01,589 --> 02:01:58,800 the surface and that marks the first 2835 02:02:03,350 --> 02:02:01,599 moment that ingenuity operates on its 2836 02:02:05,510 --> 02:02:03,360 own in a stand-alone manner and 2837 02:02:08,390 --> 02:02:05,520 surviving that first cold frigid night 2838 02:02:11,030 --> 02:02:08,400 of mars will be a major milestone we'll 2839 02:02:13,350 --> 02:02:11,040 execute a series of checkouts and then 2840 02:02:15,589 --> 02:02:13,360 we will perform that very important 2841 02:02:17,750 --> 02:02:15,599 first flight and if the first flight is 2842 02:02:20,149 --> 02:02:17,760 successful we have up to four more 2843 02:02:21,350 --> 02:02:20,159 flights in the 30 martian days that we 2844 02:02:23,030 --> 02:02:21,360 have set aside for our flight 2845 02:02:24,629 --> 02:02:23,040 experiments 2846 02:02:25,220 --> 02:02:24,639 and that's when you finally can breathe 2847 02:02:27,270 --> 02:02:25,230 right mimi 2848 02:02:29,510 --> 02:02:27,280 [Laughter] 2849 02:02:33,189 --> 02:02:29,520 now why is it so important to have that 2850 02:02:36,790 --> 02:02:33,199 aerial dimension to space exploration 2851 02:02:39,430 --> 02:02:36,800 a helicopter flying far ahead of rovers 2852 02:02:41,189 --> 02:02:39,440 and astronauts in the future can provide 2853 02:02:43,350 --> 02:02:41,199 high definition 2854 02:02:44,950 --> 02:02:43,360 reconnaissance information for the 2855 02:02:46,550 --> 02:02:44,960 rovers and the astronauts before they 2856 02:02:49,910 --> 02:02:46,560 take the long journeys 2857 02:02:52,310 --> 02:02:49,920 and as importantly being able to fly 2858 02:02:54,790 --> 02:02:52,320 will enable us to get to places that we 2859 02:02:57,109 --> 02:02:54,800 cannot get to with rovers and astronauts 2860 02:02:59,750 --> 02:02:57,119 like sites of steep cliffs deep inside 2861 02:03:03,109 --> 02:02:59,760 crevices areas of high scientific 2862 02:03:04,870 --> 02:03:03,119 interest it will be game changing 2863 02:03:06,709 --> 02:03:04,880 game changing is right and we've talked 2864 02:03:09,510 --> 02:03:06,719 about this a lot you've mentioned the 2865 02:03:13,589 --> 02:03:09,520 risk is huge mimi but the reward is high 2866 02:03:15,589 --> 02:03:13,599 what will be your greatest reward 2867 02:03:18,870 --> 02:03:15,599 you know our team started with the 2868 02:03:20,629 --> 02:03:18,880 question of whether a helicopter can fly 2869 02:03:22,870 --> 02:03:20,639 at mars given the extremely thin 2870 02:03:25,510 --> 02:03:22,880 environment and we systematically 2871 02:03:27,830 --> 02:03:25,520 demonstrated a series of technical steps 2872 02:03:30,870 --> 02:03:27,840 we demonstrated lift first and then we 2873 02:03:32,390 --> 02:03:30,880 demonstrated lift and the first ever 2874 02:03:34,390 --> 02:03:32,400 power control 2875 02:03:36,709 --> 02:03:34,400 rotorcraft flight and simulated mars 2876 02:03:39,510 --> 02:03:36,719 atmospheric density and then we went on 2877 02:03:42,390 --> 02:03:39,520 to build the full up helicopter that can 2878 02:03:46,229 --> 02:03:42,400 not only fly but operate and survive 2879 02:03:48,629 --> 02:03:46,239 autonomously at mars all under 1.8 2880 02:03:50,629 --> 02:03:48,639 kilograms about four pounds 2881 02:03:51,910 --> 02:03:50,639 and each of these major milestones have 2882 02:03:54,629 --> 02:03:51,920 been a first 2883 02:03:57,589 --> 02:03:54,639 and the success of each of these has 2884 02:03:59,350 --> 02:03:57,599 been so rewarding and along the way the 2885 02:04:01,109 --> 02:03:59,360 rewards just kept coming and i have to 2886 02:04:02,629 --> 02:04:01,119 tell you at this moment is going up 2887 02:04:03,430 --> 02:04:02,639 exponentially 2888 02:04:06,550 --> 02:04:03,440 so 2889 02:04:10,229 --> 02:04:06,560 after all these tests analysis 2890 02:04:12,229 --> 02:04:10,239 simulations and more tests on earth our 2891 02:04:15,910 --> 02:04:12,239 team now gets the chance 2892 02:04:18,149 --> 02:04:15,920 to test prove and learn how it works in 2893 02:04:21,030 --> 02:04:18,159 the actual environment of mars our team 2894 02:04:23,669 --> 02:04:21,040 can ask for a bigger reward than that 2895 02:04:24,950 --> 02:04:23,679 oh mimi i'm so happy for you and your 2896 02:04:27,750 --> 02:04:24,960 team and now we're going to take a 2897 02:04:28,870 --> 02:04:27,760 question from social media on instagram 2898 02:04:32,390 --> 02:04:28,880 for you 2899 02:04:35,830 --> 02:04:32,400 at not vibhuti asks is the helicopter 2900 02:04:39,109 --> 02:04:35,840 going to be doing science 2901 02:04:42,390 --> 02:04:39,119 well the helicopter ingenuity is a 2902 02:04:44,870 --> 02:04:42,400 technology demonstration and we are 2903 02:04:47,589 --> 02:04:44,880 we are demonstrating the ability to fly 2904 02:04:49,910 --> 02:04:47,599 and learning how to fly for the very 2905 02:04:51,830 --> 02:04:49,920 very first time and so this is a 2906 02:04:54,470 --> 02:04:51,840 technology demonstration and a 2907 02:04:56,310 --> 02:04:54,480 pathfinder for future larger rotorcraft 2908 02:04:58,870 --> 02:04:56,320 future missions that will carry much 2909 02:05:00,790 --> 02:04:58,880 larger instruments so on this mission 2910 02:05:04,629 --> 02:05:00,800 we're not doing any science we're 2911 02:05:07,109 --> 02:05:04,639 concentrating on engineering uh data how 2912 02:05:10,149 --> 02:05:07,119 did the vehicle perform and as you saw 2913 02:05:12,390 --> 02:05:10,159 uh bob bellram uh in the video before we 2914 02:05:14,709 --> 02:05:12,400 will be taking a few color picture first 2915 02:05:17,189 --> 02:05:14,719 ever color pictures uh from uh the 2916 02:05:19,270 --> 02:05:17,199 flying aerial vantage point but they'll 2917 02:05:21,910 --> 02:05:19,280 be icing on the cake for this one this 2918 02:05:24,149 --> 02:05:21,920 is all about engineering data and how do 2919 02:05:25,990 --> 02:05:24,159 we fly compared to all our tests we have 2920 02:05:27,990 --> 02:05:26,000 done on earth 2921 02:05:30,470 --> 02:05:28,000 mean so much for your team and the 2922 02:05:33,189 --> 02:05:30,480 future generations of scientists and 2923 02:05:35,510 --> 02:05:33,199 engineers to look forward to 2924 02:05:37,189 --> 02:05:35,520 thank you thank you so much for joining 2925 02:05:39,430 --> 02:05:37,199 us mimi and good luck to your team with 2926 02:05:41,910 --> 02:05:39,440 that first test flight 2927 02:05:44,149 --> 02:05:41,920 thank you so much now we look forward to 2928 02:05:46,470 --> 02:05:44,159 the perseverance rover and ingenuity 2929 02:05:49,189 --> 02:05:46,480 helicopter beginning their journeys on 2930 02:05:51,830 --> 02:05:49,199 mars as their adventures are just about 2931 02:05:54,950 --> 02:05:51,840 to start go perseverance and go 2932 02:05:56,390 --> 02:05:54,960 ingenuity back to you raquel 2933 02:05:59,350 --> 02:05:56,400 thanks marina 2934 02:06:02,390 --> 02:05:59,360 landing on mars is never easy 2935 02:06:05,589 --> 02:06:02,400 but this team has persevered and nasa's 2936 02:06:07,030 --> 02:06:05,599 fifth rover is on the red planet you can 2937 02:06:08,069 --> 02:06:07,040 still hear them buzzing in the back 2938 02:06:09,990 --> 02:06:08,079 right now 2939 02:06:13,109 --> 02:06:10,000 and to get the latest updates on 2940 02:06:16,149 --> 02:06:13,119 perseverance as it explores mars follow 2941 02:06:17,189 --> 02:06:16,159 at nasa persevere on facebook and 2942 02:06:19,109 --> 02:06:17,199 twitter 2943 02:06:21,510 --> 02:06:19,119 i'd like to thank everyone watching for 2944 02:06:24,149 --> 02:06:21,520 joining us today and to the students and 2945 02:06:26,470 --> 02:06:24,159 teachers tuning in we hope you learned a 2946 02:06:29,270 --> 02:06:26,480 lot from today's landing and thank you 2947 02:06:32,149 --> 02:06:29,280 for all your questions we have a news 2948 02:06:34,470 --> 02:06:32,159 briefing coming up at 2 30 p.m pacific 2949 02:06:36,709 --> 02:06:34,480 time that briefing will wrap up the day 2950 02:06:37,990 --> 02:06:36,719 and include reactions from perseverance 2951 02:06:40,069 --> 02:06:38,000 team members 2952 02:06:42,310 --> 02:06:40,079 we'll leave you now with some of the 2953 02:06:43,270 --> 02:06:42,320 landing celebration photos you've shared 2954 02:06:45,669 --> 02:06:43,280 with us 2955 02:06:48,470 --> 02:06:45,679 set to youngblood's cover of david 2956 02:06:56,260 --> 02:06:48,480 bowie's life on mars i'm raquel 2957 02:06:56,270 --> 02:07:09,750 [Music] 2958 02:07:22,069 --> 02:07:12,020 but a friend is nowhere 2959 02:07:39,030 --> 02:07:27,000 and she's hooked on the silver screen 2960 02:08:07,990 --> 02:07:39,040 [Music] 2961 02:08:08,000 --> 02:08:14,570 he's in the best 2962 02:08:14,580 --> 02:08:27,270 [Music] 2963 02:08:27,280 --> 02:08:30,490 so 2964 02:08:30,500 --> 02:08:47,430 [Music] 2965 02:09:06,240 --> 02:08:50,690 another word 2966 02:09:47,830 --> 02:09:16,950 [Music] 2967 02:09:47,840 --> 02:09:52,670 oh